Silisyum karb\u00fcr (karborundum olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r), silisyum ve karbon atomlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan, do\u011fada do\u011fal olarak mozanit olarak bulunan ve 1893'ten beri a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere seri \u00fcretilen inorganik bir kimyasal bile\u015fiktir.<\/p>\n
SiC, 70'ten fazla kristal formda bulunur ve iki polimorfa ayr\u0131l\u0131r: alfa silisyum karb\u00fcr (a-SiC) ve beta silisyum karb\u00fcr (b-SiC). Deneysel hatalar dahilinde, her iki form da 10 GPa'ya kadar olan bas\u0131n\u00e7larda e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak erir.<\/p>\n
Silisyum karb\u00fcr, \u00e7ok say\u0131da uygulama alan\u0131na sahip son derece sert ve yo\u011fun bir malzemedir. Z\u0131mpara ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131, ta\u015flama ta\u015flar\u0131, kesici tak\u0131mlar, otomotiv bile\u015fenleri ve otomotiv refrakterleri gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bulunabilir; ayr\u0131ca f\u0131r\u0131nlarda, f\u0131r\u0131nlarda ve refrakter astarlarda refrakter olarak ve sertli\u011fi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck termal genle\u015fme oran\u0131 nedeniyle astronomik teleskoplarda ayna malzemesi olarak hizmet eder.<\/p>\n
Edward Goodrich Acheson ilk kez 1891 y\u0131l\u0131nda kil ve toz kok (karbon) kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 elektrikli bir f\u0131r\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131tarak \"karborundum\" olarak bilinen mavi-siyah bir malzeme \u00fcretti\u011finde silisyum karb\u00fcr\u00fc seri olarak \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n
5-8 GPa aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen bas\u0131n\u00e7larda silisyum karb\u00fcr erimesi \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, erime e\u011frisinin -44 + 4 K\/GPa'l\u0131k negatif bir e\u011fime sahip olmas\u0131yla, \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan t\u00fcm bas\u0131n\u00e7larda uyumlu bir \u015fekilde eridi\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015f ve yo\u011funluk fonksiyonel teorisinin do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde tahmin edildi\u011fine dair kan\u0131t sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Silisyum karb\u00fcr (SiC), bir\u00e7ok y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k uygulamas\u0131nda kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6zelliklere sahip oksit olmayan bir seramik malzemedir. SiC, 27 GPa'ya kadar polikristalin g\u00f6vde mukavemetleriyle hem sert hem de son derece g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr; ayr\u0131ca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck termal genle\u015fme oranlar\u0131yla birlikte m\u00fckemmel s\u00fcr\u00fcnme direnci \u00f6zelliklerine sahiptir.<\/p>\n
Seramium dioksit (CeO2) seramik suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez ancak erimi\u015f alkali ve demir \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr, bu da onu y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7larda a\u015f\u0131nma, korozyon, darbe ve termal genle\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7li t\u00fcm geli\u015fmi\u015f yap\u0131sal seramiklerin en sertidir; n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r bile\u015fenleri gibi y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel hale getirir.<\/p>\n
Daha yayg\u0131n olarak a-SiC olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan silisyum karb\u00fcr, elektrikli ara\u00e7 frenleri ve debriyajlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kur\u015fun ge\u00e7irmez yeleklerde yayg\u0131n olarak bulunur ve heterojen kataliz\u00f6rler i\u00e7in bir substrat olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu malzemenin end\u00fcstriyel miktarlarda \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in halen saf silis kumunun ince \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ile indirgendi\u011fi elektrikli f\u0131r\u0131nlar kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r; silisyum karb\u00fcr\u00fcn end\u00fcstriyel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00fcretimi g\u00fc\u00e7 elektroni\u011findeki y\u00fcksek voltaj uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in pop\u00fcler bir tercih olmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Silisyum dioksit olarak da bilinen silisyum karb\u00fcr, do\u011fal olarak mozanit minerali olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ancak 1893'ten beri a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve kur\u015fun ge\u00e7irmez yelek seramik plaka malzemesi olarak kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere toz ve kristal olarak seri \u00fcretilen, silisyum ve karbondan olu\u015fan sert bir kimyasal bile\u015fiktir. B\u00fcy\u00fck, tek kristal taneleri sinterleme yoluyla birle\u015ftirilerek son derece sert yap\u0131sal seramikler \u00fcretilebilir; ayr\u0131ca genellikle sentetik mozanit de\u011ferli ta\u015flar olarak bilinen sentetik mozanit de\u011ferli ta\u015flar yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Silisyum karb\u00fcr ayn\u0131 zamanda bir yar\u0131 iletken g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr; nitrojen veya fosfor ile katk\u0131lamak onu n-tipi bir malzeme haline getirebilir; benzer \u015fekilde berilyum, bor veya al\u00fcminyum, \u00f6zelliklerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak onu p-tipi malzemeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilir, katk\u0131lamak onu n-tipi bir yar\u0131 iletken malzemeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n
Silisyum karb\u00fcr geni\u015f bir bant aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve y\u00fcksek elektrik alan k\u0131r\u0131lma g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahiptir, bu da onu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda veya voltajlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan elektronik cihazlar i\u00e7in uygun hale getirir. Ayr\u0131ca, termal \u015foklara dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131, yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Silisyum karb\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitli birim h\u00fccreler (k\u00fcbik, rombohedral veya hekzagonal) halinde bulunur. Kil kullan\u0131larak yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, boyun b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini engelleyebilir ve ayn\u0131 zamanda aksi takdirde elastik mod\u00fcl\u00fc azaltacak SiO2 olu\u015fumunu \u00f6nleyebilir. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, yo\u011funluk fonksiyonel teorisi sim\u00fclasyonlar\u0131na dayanan ab initio molek\u00fcler dinamik sim\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda erime davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 incelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Silisyum karb\u00fcr, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k kapasitesi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131 ve kimyasal reaksiyona kar\u015f\u0131 direnci ile karakterize edilen son derece sert ve kat\u0131 bir seramik malzemedir. Sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in gran\u00fcl formun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra b\u00fcy\u00fck teleskoplar i\u00e7in ayna haline getirilebilen gofretler de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli boyutlarda ve formlarda gelir. Silisyum karb\u00fcr i\u00e7in \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleri do\u011frudan karbon sentezinden kimyasal buhar biriktirmeye kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6nd\u00fcrme deneyleri ve yerinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler kullan\u0131larak ZB ve RS SiC'de 3100+40 K ila 5-8 GPa aras\u0131ndaki Debye s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131nca ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme deneyleri ve yerinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler kullan\u0131larak 3100+40 K ila 5-8 GPa aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Sonu\u00e7lar, ortam bas\u0131nc\u0131nda her iki Lame sabitinin (l, m) m'nin artan sapmas\u0131yla pozitif oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermekte, bu da daha y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7larda y\u00fck transferi etkile\u015fimlerini i\u00e7eren merkezi olmayan \u00e7oklu cisim kuvvetlerinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun da SiC'nin s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilirli\u011finde mekanik sertle\u015fmeye yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide (also referred to as carborundum) is an inorganic chemical compound composed of silicon and carbon atoms, naturally found […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-product-related"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66\/revisions\/67"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}