Pr\u00e1\u0161ok karbidu krem\u00edka je mimoriadne odoln\u00fd abraz\u00edvny a \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fd materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva pri v\u00fdrobe vysokoteplotn\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdroba zah\u0155\u0148a zahrievanie kremi\u010dit\u00e9ho piesku so zdrojmi uhl\u00edka, ako je napr\u00edklad ropn\u00fd koks, v elektrickej obl\u00fakovej peci za vzniku \u010diernych a zelen\u00fdch karbidov krem\u00edka; \u010dierny kreme\u0148 obsahuje pr\u00edmesi \u017eeleza, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje tmav\u0161ie odtiene jeho povrchovej \u00fapravy.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka (SiC) je priemyseln\u00fd miner\u00e1l zlo\u017een\u00fd z krem\u00edka a uhl\u00edka, ktor\u00fd na\u0161iel \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatnenie v priemysle ako abraz\u00edvum - od br\u00fasneho papiera a br\u00fasnych kot\u00fa\u010dov a\u017e po v\u00fdmurovky priemyseln\u00fdch pec\u00ed a keramick\u00e9 dosky nepriestreln\u00fdch viest, ako aj polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 substr\u00e1ty pre sveteln\u00e9 di\u00f3dy (LED). SiC sa vyskytuje aj v pr\u00edrode ako miner\u00e1l moissanit. SiC sa v pr\u00edrode vyskytuje aj ako miner\u00e1l moissanit. SiC sa v pr\u00edrode vyskytuje aj ako moissanit. SiC m\u00e1 mnoho aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed vr\u00e1tane pou\u017eitia ako \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e1 v\u00fdmurovka pre priemyseln\u00e9 pece, ako aj keramick\u00e9 dosky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pri nepriestreln\u00fdch vest\u00e1ch pre sveteln\u00e9 di\u00f3dy - dokonca sa prirodzene vyskytuje ako miner\u00e1l moissanit.<\/p>\n
Hlin\u00edk sa vyzna\u010duje vynikaj\u00facou odolnos\u0165ou proti oderu, odol\u00e1va teplot\u00e1m a\u017e do 1400 stup\u0148ov C bez v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho zn\u00ed\u017eenia pevnosti. Okrem toho je odoln\u00fd vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny be\u017en\u00fdch anorganick\u00fdch kysel\u00edn, sol\u00ed a z\u00e1sad; za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee korodova\u0165, napr\u00edklad pri kontakte s kysl\u00fdmi fluoridmi alebo fluorovod\u00edkov\u00fdmi kyselinami.<\/p>\n
SiC je elektricky izola\u010dn\u00fd materi\u00e1l s vysokou pevnos\u0165ou v \u0165ahu a n\u00edzkou \u0161pecifickou hmotnos\u0165ou, ktor\u00fd je chemicky stabiln\u00fd a m\u00e1 elektrick\u00e9 izola\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti, pon\u00faka dobr\u00fa chemick\u00fa stabilitu, ako aj nemagnetick\u00e9 vlastnosti. Tav\u00ed sa pri teplote 2080 stup\u0148ov C. Tesne ulo\u017een\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara SiC umo\u017e\u0148uje tetraedrick\u00fa koordin\u00e1ciu medzi at\u00f3mami krem\u00edka a uhl\u00edka pre vysok\u00fd pomer pevnosti k hmotnosti a vlastnosti tepelnej vodivosti.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1\u0161ky karbidu krem\u00edka sa daj\u00fa vyrobi\u0165 na dosiahnutie r\u00f4znych \u00farovn\u00ed \u010distoty, kry\u0161t\u00e1lovej \u0161trukt\u00fary a ve\u013ekosti \u010dast\u00edc. M\u00f4\u017eu sa vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 r\u00f4znymi procesmi - karbotermickou redukciou prostredn\u00edctvom Achesonovho procesu alebo konverziou polym\u00e9rov, ako aj vysokoteplotn\u00fdmi chemick\u00fdmi reakciami v plynnej f\u00e1ze - pri\u010dom k ich vytvoreniu ved\u00fa r\u00f4zne met\u00f3dy. Po pr\u00edprave sa tieto pr\u00e1\u0161ky m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017ei\u0165 pri v\u00fdrobe keramick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov, ako s\u00fa \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 tvary pre priemyseln\u00e9 pece alebo elektrick\u00e9 izola\u010dn\u00e9 prvky pre elektronick\u00e9 zariadenia, ako s\u00fa mikroprocesory.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1\u0161ok karbidu krem\u00edka sa d\u00e1 vyu\u017ei\u0165 v mnoh\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Karbid krem\u00edka ako ve\u013emi h\u00fa\u017eevnat\u00fd materi\u00e1l s vynikaj\u00facou tepelnou vodivos\u0165ou a chemickou odolnos\u0165ou odol\u00e1va extr\u00e9mnym teplot\u00e1m od roztaven\u00e9ho skla a\u017e do 1 400 \u00b0C (2 552 \u00b0F). Karbid krem\u00edka sa \u010dasto vyskytuje ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, ako je keramika, sklo a steny pec\u00ed - a dokonca aj br\u00fasne kot\u00fa\u010de a br\u00fasny papier sa vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa s pou\u017eit\u00edm jeho pr\u00edsady. Okrem toho karbid krem\u00edka sl\u00fa\u017ei ako neoddelite\u013en\u00fd materi\u00e1l vo vysokoteplotn\u00fdch polovodi\u010doch a elektronike.<\/p>\n
Uhl\u00edk sa nach\u00e1dza aj v kompozitn\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch, ako je karbid krem\u00edka vystu\u017een\u00fd uhl\u00edkov\u00fdmi vl\u00e1knami (CFRC), ktor\u00fd sa be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edva v automobilov\u00fdch brzd\u00e1ch a nepriestreln\u00fdch vest\u00e1ch v\u010faka svojej vynikaj\u00facej pevnosti v \u0165ahu a schopnosti odol\u00e1va\u0165 n\u00e1razom s vysokou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n
Spekan\u00fd oxid kremi\u010dit\u00fd sa \u010dasto vyr\u00e1ba pomocou vysokotlakov\u00e9ho spekania pri teplot\u00e1ch dosahuj\u00facich a\u017e 11 000 \u00b0C. Kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdrobok m\u00e1 extr\u00e9mne hust\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru zlo\u017een\u00fa zo \u0161tyroch at\u00f3mov krem\u00edka a \u0161tyroch at\u00f3mov uhl\u00edka viazan\u00fdch v tetraedrickom usporiadan\u00ed, nemagnetick\u00e9 vlastnosti a odol\u00e1va v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine chemik\u00e1li\u00ed vr\u00e1tane alifatick\u00fdch uh\u013eovod\u00edkov, z\u00e1sad, organick\u00fdch kysel\u00edn a roztaven\u00fdch sol\u00ed; nedok\u00e1\u017ee v\u0161ak odol\u00e1va\u0165 siln\u00fdm oxida\u010dn\u00fdm \u010dinidl\u00e1m, ako je kyselina fluorovod\u00edkov\u00e1 a fluorid draseln\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka je extr\u00e9mne tvrd\u00fd \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fd materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch vr\u00e1tane br\u00fasnych kot\u00fa\u010dov, br\u00fasnych kame\u0148ov, rezn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov, pieskovania, fr\u00e9z na vodn\u00fd l\u00fa\u010d a keramiky. Okrem toho zohr\u00e1va neoddelite\u013en\u00fa \u00falohu vo vysokoteplotn\u00fdch peciach pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch na vypa\u013eovanie skla a keramiky pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch. Dostupn\u00fd v r\u00f4znych ve\u013ekostiach \u010dast\u00edc na \u0161pecifick\u00e9 pou\u017eitie, ako aj v \u010diernej alebo bielej forme - najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161ia je prv\u00e1 (kry\u0161t\u00e1lov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara wurtzitu) a druh\u00e1 (zinkov\u00fd blendu).<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1\u0161ok a-SiC m\u00e1 hexagon\u00e1lnu kry\u0161t\u00e1lov\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru a Mohsovu tvrdos\u0165 7. V\u010faka vysok\u00e9mu bodu topenia a silnej tepelnej vodivosti odol\u00e1va extr\u00e9mnym podmienkam a nem\u00e1 probl\u00e9my s toxicitou ani s nerozpustnos\u0165ou vo vode alebo v alkohole. Okrem toho je v\u010faka svojej odolnosti vo\u010di organick\u00fdm kyselin\u00e1m, z\u00e1sad\u00e1m, soliam a kysl\u00fdm fluoridom vhodn\u00fd na mnoh\u00e9 pou\u017eitia v priemysle a technick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
Pokro\u010dil\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa v\u00fdrobu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch jednotliv\u00fdch kry\u0161t\u00e1lov b-SiC met\u00f3dou Lely, aby sa z nich mohli n\u00e1sledne vybr\u00fasi\u0165 drahokamy zn\u00e1me ako syntetick\u00fd moissanit. SiC mo\u017eno tie\u017e sp\u00e1ja\u0165 pomocou \u017eiv\u00edc alebo polym\u00e9rov do vl\u00e1kien pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch na spevnenie kovov a in\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n
Vyn\u00e1lez sa t\u00fdka postupu v\u00fdroby b-SiC pr\u00e1\u0161kov zmie\u0161an\u00edm zdroja Si obsahuj\u00faceho Si a C s prebytkom uhl\u00edka, zahriat\u00edm kompoz\u00edcie a jej n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm filtrovan\u00edm, prem\u00fdvan\u00edm a su\u0161en\u00edm. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed sa tieto b-SiC pr\u00e1\u0161ky m\u00f4\u017eu \u013eahko rozpra\u0161ova\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch procesov, ako je filtr\u00e1cia pranie su\u0161enie.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka je jednou z najtvrd\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tok na svete a svojou tvrdos\u0165ou konkuruje diamantu a karbidu b\u00f3ru. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa tepeln\u00e9 a mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti, ako s\u00fa materi\u00e1ly odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di opotrebovaniu, \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, keramika, polovodi\u010de a polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 abraz\u00edva a aplik\u00e1cie odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di opotrebovaniu; povlaky odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di opotrebovaniu; odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di tepeln\u00fdm \u0161okom; n\u00edzka miera tepelnej roz\u0165a\u017enosti a vysok\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 vodivos\u0165, karbid krem\u00edka pon\u00faka v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fa pevnos\u0165, trvanlivos\u0165 a vlastnosti elektrickej vodivosti, ktor\u00e9 z neho robia univerz\u00e1lnu vo\u013ebu materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n
Leteck\u00fd a kozmick\u00fd priemysel sa vo ve\u013ekej miere spolieha na pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 komponenty SiC, ktor\u00e9 odol\u00e1vaj\u00fa extr\u00e9mnemu teplu a tlaku, vr\u00e1tane brzdov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v automobiloch na zlep\u0161enie v\u00fdkonu pri s\u00fa\u010dasnom zn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed opotrebovania rotorov a bubnov. V polovodi\u010dovom priemysle sa pou\u017e\u00edva v zariadeniach na spracovanie do\u0161ti\u010diek na efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie riadenie tepla, ako aj v keramick\u00fdch dosk\u00e1ch nepriestreln\u00fdch viest, ktor\u00e9 chr\u00e1nia vojakov pred n\u00e1razmi s vysokou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n
\u010cierny karbid krem\u00edka sa vyr\u00e1ba v elektrickej odporovej peci pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch s pou\u017eit\u00edm kremenn\u00e9ho piesku a ropn\u00e9ho koksu ako prim\u00e1rnych surov\u00edn. M\u00e1 priemern\u00fa tvrdos\u0165 medzi taven\u00fdm oxidom hlinit\u00fdm a syntetick\u00fdm diamantom a m\u00f4\u017ee sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ako abraz\u00edvny materi\u00e1l pri spracovan\u00ed materi\u00e1lov s n\u00edzkou pevnos\u0165ou v \u0165ahu, ako je liatina, farebn\u00e9 kovy, horniny, ko\u017ea a guma. Okrem toho sa \u010dierny karbid krem\u00edka \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edva pri v\u00fdrobe \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov a metalurgick\u00fdch pr\u00edsad.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide powder is an extremely durable abrasive and refractory material used in high temperature electronic device production. Production involves […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-84","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-product-related"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":85,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84\/revisions\/85"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}