Karbid krem\u00edka je modern\u00fd materi\u00e1l vyvinut\u00fd na pou\u017eitie v prostred\u00ed s vysokou teplotou. Mohol by zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 z\u00e1vislos\u0165 od akt\u00edvnych chladiacich syst\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00fa hmotnos\u0165 a n\u00e1klady elektrick\u00fdch vozidiel (EV).<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka sa m\u00f4\u017ee pochv\u00e1li\u0165 vynikaj\u00facou nap\u00e4\u0165ovou odolnos\u0165ou, ktor\u00e1 je desa\u0165kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161ia ako pri be\u017enom krem\u00edku a v tomto oh\u013eade dokonca prekon\u00e1va nitrid g\u00e1lia.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka (SiC) je priemyseln\u00fd materi\u00e1l s mnoh\u00fdmi sp\u00f4sobmi pou\u017eitia. V\u010faka svojim vynikaj\u00facim tribologick\u00fdm vlastnostiam sa be\u017ene nach\u00e1dza v tryskac\u00edch d\u00fdzach, tesneniach, mechanick\u00fdch lo\u017eisk\u00e1ch a mechanick\u00fdch tesneniach. V \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch a keramike sa tie\u017e pou\u017e\u00edva SiC, preto\u017ee dod\u00e1va tvrdos\u0165.<\/p>\n
Voda, alkohol a roztoky kysel\u00edn ho \u00faplne rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa; odoln\u00e1 zost\u00e1va aj v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina organick\u00fdch rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel. V\u010faka jeho polovodi\u010dov\u00fdm vlastnostiam pon\u00fakaj\u00fa jeho elektrick\u00e9 charakteristiky niektor\u00e9 zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 vlastnosti - odpor sa m\u00f4\u017ee l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 v r\u00f4znych zlo\u017eeniach a\u017e o sedem r\u00e1dov!<\/p>\n
Edward Acheson prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t vyrobil syntetick\u00fd SiC v roku 1891, zatia\u013e \u010do Henri Moissan prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t identifikoval jeho prirodzen\u00fa formu v roku 1905 pri sk\u00faman\u00ed meteoritu Canyon Diablo v Arizone. Dnes je v\u0161etok komer\u010dne pred\u00e1van\u00fd SiC syntetick\u00fd, s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi v\u00fdnimkami v pr\u00edpade moissanitov\u00fdch \u0161perkov, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytova\u0165 v pr\u00edrode.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka alebo SiC je vynikaj\u00faca keramika, ktor\u00e1 sa m\u00f4\u017ee pochv\u00e1li\u0165 mnoh\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodn\u00fdmi fyzik\u00e1lnymi vlastnos\u0165ami. Patr\u00ed medzi ne vysok\u00e1 pevnos\u0165, n\u00edzka tepeln\u00e1 roz\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 a odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii a chemick\u00fdm reakci\u00e1m - vlastnosti, ktor\u00e9 ho predur\u010duj\u00fa na pou\u017eitie ako abraz\u00edvny materi\u00e1l a \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fd komponent, ako aj jeho vynikaj\u00faca elektrick\u00e1 vodivos\u0165.<\/p>\n
Kryog\u00e9nna tvrdos\u0165 9 na Mohsovej stupnici rob\u00ed zo \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9ho porcel\u00e1nu vynikaj\u00faci materi\u00e1l na br\u00fasne kot\u00fa\u010de a in\u00e9 abraz\u00edvne v\u00fdrobky, ako aj na pou\u017eitie v \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ako s\u00fa d\u00fdzy hor\u00e1kov a plame\u0148ov\u00e9 trubice.<\/p>\n
Kryog\u00e9nny grafit existuje v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch variantoch zn\u00e1mych ako polytypy a vyzna\u010duje sa prim\u00e1rnym koordina\u010dn\u00fdm tetraedrick\u00fdm usporiadan\u00edm so \u0161tyrmi at\u00f3mami uhl\u00edka a \u0161tyrmi at\u00f3mami krem\u00edka viazan\u00fdmi v\u00e4zbami medzi tetraedrick\u00fdmi jednotkami viazan\u00fdmi priamo. Tieto jednotky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 potom navz\u00e1jom spojen\u00e9 alebo poskladan\u00e9 do r\u00f4znych \u0161trukt\u00far.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka je odoln\u00fd, ale krehk\u00fd materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd je schopn\u00fd odol\u00e1va\u0165 vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m a vyzna\u010duje sa \u0161irokou p\u00e1smovou medzerou pre vysokonap\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n
V priemyselnom meradle sa kremi\u010dit\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ok vyr\u00e1ba a pou\u017e\u00edva v keramike, \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch a polovodi\u010dovej elektronike. Hoci sa prirodzene vyskytuje v miner\u00e1lnych form\u00e1ci\u00e1ch moissanitu, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina sa dnes vyr\u00e1ba synteticky.<\/p>\n
\u017diaromateri\u00e1ly z karbidu krem\u00edka viazan\u00e9 hlinou maj\u00fa vynikaj\u00facu odolnos\u0165 proti kor\u00f3zii, v\u010faka \u010domu s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 ako tehly do pec\u00ed na tavenie ne\u017eelezn\u00fdch kovov. Okrem toho s\u00fa skvel\u00fdmi materi\u00e1lmi na vysokoteplotn\u00e9 nepriame ohrievanie, napr\u00edklad ako vyzdievacie tehly pre n\u00e1dr\u017ee na elektrol\u00fdzu hlin\u00edka alebo ako vyzdievky z\u00e1sobn\u00edkov rektifika\u010dn\u00fdch pec\u00ed v taviacich peciach na me\u010f alebo obl\u00fakov\u00e9 dosky zinkov\u00fdch pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdch pec\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka je extr\u00e9mne tvrd\u00fd neoxidov\u00fd keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd sa v\u010faka svojej pevnosti be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edva v abraz\u00edvach, \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch, s\u00fa\u010diastkach odoln\u00fdch proti opotrebovaniu a s\u00fa\u010diastkach odoln\u00fdch proti opotrebovaniu. Okrem toho karbid krem\u00edka sl\u00fa\u017ei ako neoddelite\u013en\u00fd materi\u00e1l v elektronick\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa pri zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch alebo nap\u00e4t\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Moissanit, ktor\u00fd je v pr\u00edrode vz\u00e1cny a vyr\u00e1ba sa len umelo syntetick\u00fdmi met\u00f3dami, bol prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t objaven\u00fd v arizonskom ka\u0148one Diablo v roku 1893, kde bol nesk\u00f4r pomenovan\u00fd moissanit pod\u013ea patentu Edwarda Achesona z roku 1891 na vytv\u00e1ranie mal\u00fdch \u010diernych kry\u0161t\u00e1likov SiC umelou cestou.<\/p>\n
Keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l tohto kalibru m\u00e1 vynikaj\u00face vlastnosti. M\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rozsah pracovn\u00fdch tepl\u00f4t ako krem\u00edkov\u00e9 polovodi\u010de a zvl\u00e1dne vy\u0161\u0161ie nap\u00e4tie bez toho, aby sa prehrial alebo po\u0161kodil.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka je univerz\u00e1lna \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e1 keramika, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva v mnoh\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Karbid krem\u00edka je jedn\u00fdm z najtvrd\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1lov na Mohsovej stupnici tvrdosti a patr\u00ed mu 9. miesto v tvrdosti. Okrem toho sa m\u00f4\u017ee pochv\u00e1li\u0165 vynikaj\u00facou odolnos\u0165ou vo\u010di oderu a kor\u00f3zii, ako aj tepeln\u00fdm \u0161okom, pri\u010dom odol\u00e1va vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m a nap\u00e4tiam bez po\u0161kodenia alebo poruchy.<\/p>\n
Tak ako v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina kry\u0161talick\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far, aj jeho kry\u0161t\u00e1lov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara sa vyskytuje v r\u00f4znych form\u00e1ch - alebo polytypoch - z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00e1 vlastn\u00fa postupnos\u0165 ukladania. Prim\u00e1rne koordina\u010dn\u00e9 tetra\u00e9dre pozost\u00e1vaj\u00fa zo \u0161tyroch at\u00f3mov uhl\u00edka a \u0161tyroch at\u00f3mov krem\u00edka spojen\u00fdch v rohoch do pol\u00e1rnych \u0161trukt\u00far.<\/p>\n
V\u010faka svojim v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fdm tribologick\u00fdm vlastnostiam je plast vynikaj\u00facim materi\u00e1lom pre \u010derpadl\u00e1, mechanick\u00e9 tesnenia a lo\u017eisk\u00e1, zariadenia chemick\u00e9ho priemyslu a ako abraz\u00edvum.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka je jedn\u00fdm z najv\u0161estrannej\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1lov na svete. Zohr\u00e1va z\u00e1sadn\u00fa \u00falohu vo vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch vozidl\u00e1ch (EV) a syst\u00e9moch riadenia bat\u00e9ri\u00ed, kde jeho vysokonap\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 schopnosti eliminuj\u00fa akt\u00edvne chladiace syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00fa n\u00e1klady, hmotnos\u0165 a zlo\u017eitos\u0165 EV.<\/p>\n
Karborundum, tvrd\u00fd keramick\u00fd a polovodi\u010dov\u00fd materi\u00e1l v\u0161eobecne zn\u00e1my ako karborundum, sa prirodzene nach\u00e1dza v miner\u00e1loch moissanitu a vyr\u00e1ba sa aj synteticky. Na rozdiel od tradi\u010dn\u00fdch polovodi\u010dov, ako je krem\u00edk, karborundum m\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00fa p\u00e1smov\u00fa medzeru, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje efekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed pohyb elektrickej energie ako kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm. Okrem toho sa jeho vodivos\u0165 d\u00e1 upravi\u0165 pridan\u00edm pr\u00edmes\u00ed do jeho kry\u0161t\u00e1lovej \u0161trukt\u00fary.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka (SiC) je energeticky \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd materi\u00e1l na premenu elektrickej energie na striedav\u00fd pr\u00fad, tak\u017ee je vhodn\u00fd na premenu elektrickej energie zo siete. Dopovanie SiC dus\u00edkom alebo fosforom vytv\u00e1ra polovodi\u010d typu n, zatia\u013e \u010do dopovanie hlin\u00edkom, b\u00f3rom alebo g\u00e1liom vedie k vlastnostiam polovodi\u010da typu p.<\/p>\n
Hlin\u00edk m\u00e1 vynikaj\u00facu tepeln\u00fa vodivos\u0165, vysok\u00fa teplotn\u00fa pevnos\u0165, n\u00edzku tepeln\u00fa roz\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 a odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di chemick\u00fdm reakci\u00e1m - vlastnosti, ktor\u00e9 z neho robia ide\u00e1lny \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Okrem toho je v\u010faka svojmu tvrd\u00e9mu a odoln\u00e9mu povrchu vhodn\u00fd na mnoh\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 pou\u017eitia a predstavuje vynikaj\u00facu vo\u013ebu \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00edrodn\u00fd SiC sa nach\u00e1dza ako vz\u00e1cny miner\u00e1l moissanit; synteticky sa vyr\u00e1ba v mal\u00fdch zrn\u00e1ch spojen\u00fdch do keramiky alebo \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov na keramick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely alebo sa v malom mno\u017estve nach\u00e1dza v uhl\u00edkat\u00fdch chondritov\u00fdch meteoritoch a kimberlitoch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide is an advanced material developed for use in high temperature environments. It could reduce reliance on active cooling […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sic-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60\/revisions\/61"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}