Karbid krem\u00edka, ozna\u010dovan\u00fd aj ako karborundum\/karbornm\/, je v\u00fdnimo\u010dne tvrd\u00e1 a odoln\u00e1 kry\u0161talick\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina krem\u00edka a uhl\u00edka, ktor\u00e1 sa ako priemyseln\u00fd materi\u00e1l vyu\u017e\u00edva u\u017e od konca 19. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n
Hoci sa moissanit v pr\u00edrode vyskytuje v meteoritoch a kimberlitov\u00fdch lo\u017eisk\u00e1ch, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina SiC sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti vyr\u00e1ba synteticky bu\u010f rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00edm uhl\u00edka v roztavenom krem\u00edku, alebo procesmi chemick\u00e9ho naparovania.<\/p>\n
Vynikaj\u00faca tepeln\u00e1 vodivos\u0165 karbidu krem\u00edka mu umo\u017e\u0148uje odol\u00e1va\u0165 vysok\u00fdm prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m. T\u00e1to vlastnos\u0165 pom\u00e1ha r\u00fdchlo a \u00fa\u010dinne odv\u00e1dza\u0165 teplo a chr\u00e1ni ho pred roztaven\u00edm alebo zlomen\u00edm v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podmienkach.<\/p>\n
Chr\u00e1ni zariadenie pred opotrebovan\u00edm a pom\u00e1ha pred\u013a\u017ei\u0165 jeho \u017eivotnos\u0165. V\u010faka n\u00edzkemu koeficientu tepelnej roz\u0165a\u017enosti a vynikaj\u00facej tvrdosti je odoln\u00fd aj vo\u010di mechanick\u00e9mu nam\u00e1haniu, ako je trenie a odieranie.<\/p>\n
\u010cierny karbid krem\u00edka sa vyzna\u010duje pr\u00edsne kontrolovanou ve\u013ekos\u0165ou \u010dast\u00edc, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 rezania a povrchov\u00fa \u00fapravu, v\u010faka \u010domu je vhodn\u00fd na cel\u00fd rad aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, ako s\u00fa sklotextiln\u00e9 a rezinoidov\u00e9 br\u00fasne kot\u00fa\u010de, tryskacie zrn\u00e1\/pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 zmesi, zmesi, lapovanie le\u0161tenie proti\u0161mykov\u00fdch a dr\u00f4tov\u00fdch p\u00edl na krem\u00edk a kreme\u0148.<\/p>\n
Karborundov\u00e1 tla\u010d, tradi\u010dn\u00e1 kolografick\u00e1 technika, pri ktorej sa karborundov\u00e1 drvina nan\u00e1\u0161a na hlin\u00edkov\u00fa dosku a farb\u00ed sa atramentom, potom prech\u00e1dza cez valcov\u00fd lis a vytv\u00e1ra v\u00fdtla\u010dky na papieri s organick\u00fdmi text\u00farami, ktor\u00e9 dokazuj\u00fa jeho trvanlivos\u0165.<\/p>\n
SiC je mimoriadne tvrd\u00fd materi\u00e1l (9 stup\u0148ov na Mohsovej stupnici). Okrem toho je v\u010faka svojej odolnosti proti oderu vhodn\u00fd na pou\u017eitie v keramick\u00fdch brzdov\u00fdch kot\u00fa\u010doch \u0161portov\u00fdch automobilov a nepriestreln\u00fdch vest\u00e1ch, ako aj v tesneniach hriade\u013eov \u010derpadiel. Okrem toho tento materi\u00e1l odol\u00e1va extr\u00e9mne vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m, pri\u010dom zost\u00e1va neporu\u0161en\u00fd pri kontakte s in\u00fdmi tvrd\u00fdmi materi\u00e1lmi, ako je oce\u013e.<\/p>\n
Vykazuje vynikaj\u00facu odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di oxid\u00e1cii a\u017e do pribli\u017ene 1400 \u00b0C a je nerozpustn\u00fd vo vode, alkohole a in\u00fdch kyselin\u00e1ch ako kyseline fluorovod\u00edkovej.<\/p>\n
Zelen\u00fd SIC mo\u017eno vytvori\u0165 z \u010dist\u00e9ho kremi\u010dit\u00e9ho piesku a ropn\u00e9ho koksu, spracova\u0165 ho r\u00f4znymi met\u00f3dami tvarovania a spiec\u0165 pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch v elektrickej peci s vn\u00fatorn\u00fdm odporom, aby sa vyrobili lepen\u00e9 aj reak\u010dne lepen\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Saint-Gobain Performance Ceramics & Refractories vyu\u017e\u00edva tento produkt pri v\u00fdrobe br\u00fasnych, metalurgick\u00fdch, \u0161peci\u00e1lnych \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, ako aj kompozitov s kovovou matricou a n\u00e1bytku do pec\u00ed - nezab\u00fadaj\u00fac na v\u00fdrobu kompozitn\u00fdch pancierov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov!<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka preuk\u00e1zal svoju odolnos\u0165 t\u00fdm, \u017ee odol\u00e1va extr\u00e9mnym chemick\u00fdm podmienkam a prostrediam, ako s\u00fa br\u00fasne kot\u00fa\u010de v tov\u00e1r\u0148ach. Okrem toho sa pou\u017e\u00edva na br\u00fasenie a le\u0161tenie, ako aj na priemyseln\u00e9 rezanie a v\u0155tanie; navy\u0161e m\u00e1 vysok\u00fa odolnos\u0165 proti opotrebovaniu, v\u010faka \u010domu je vhodn\u00fd na pou\u017eitie v metalurgii.<\/p>\n
Od konca 19. storo\u010dia sa silik\u00f3nov\u00e1 guma vyu\u017e\u00edva na aplik\u00e1cie vr\u00e1tane br\u00fasnych materi\u00e1lov a br\u00fasnych n\u00e1strojov, ako aj na \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 v\u00fdmurovky a valce pec\u00ed. V\u010faka svojej v\u00fdnimo\u010dnej teplotnej odolnosti a odolnosti vo\u010di tepeln\u00fdm \u0161okom je silik\u00f3nov\u00e1 guma vynikaj\u00facou vo\u013ebou materi\u00e1lu pre aplik\u00e1cie v leteckom a kozmickom priemysle.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1\u0161ok karbidu krem\u00edka sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 taven\u00edm kremi\u010dit\u00e9ho piesku a koksu na b\u00e1ze uhlia v elektrickej odporovej peci pri teplote 2500 \u00b0C a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm mlet\u00edm alebo tvarovan\u00edm do pevn\u00fdch predmetov. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie monokry\u0161t\u00e1ly sa daj\u00fa vypestova\u0165 z \u010dist\u00e9ho krem\u00edka a uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch p\u00e1r v extr\u00e9mnom v\u00e1kuu pri teplote 3500 stup\u0148ov Celzia - s pou\u017eit\u00edm podobn\u00fdch postupov ako pri v\u00fdrobe polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch do\u0161ti\u010diek. Existuj\u00fa polymorfn\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary alebo \u0161trukt\u00fary s r\u00f4znou kry\u0161t\u00e1lovou \u0161trukt\u00farou, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno klasifikova\u0165 ako alfa alebo beta v z\u00e1vislosti od ich at\u00f3movej \u0161trukt\u00fary; alfa m\u00e1 zvy\u010dajne hexagon\u00e1lnu (wurtzitov\u00fa) \u0161trukt\u00faru.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka, neoxidov\u00fd keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, m\u00e1 schopnos\u0165 odol\u00e1va\u0165 vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m a oderu. Preto sa u\u017e dlho vyu\u017e\u00edva ako odoln\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 pri br\u00fasen\u00ed, honovan\u00ed a pieskovan\u00ed, pri\u010dom sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva aj v leteckom a automobilovom priemysle ako abraz\u00edvum na le\u0161tenie r\u00f4znych materi\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n
Hlin\u00edk nereaguje s kyselinami a teplotami do 1600 \u00b0C. V\u010faka svojej tetraedrickej kry\u0161t\u00e1lovej \u0161trukt\u00fare m\u00f4\u017ee za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed odol\u00e1va\u0165 oxid\u00e1cii - ak je v\u0161ak dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das vystaven\u00fd vysok\u00fdm koncentr\u00e1ci\u00e1m kysl\u00edka, m\u00f4\u017ee r\u00fdchlo oxidova\u0165.<\/p>\n
Rekry\u0161taliz\u00e1cia, lisovanie za tepla, mikrovlnn\u00e9 spekanie, beztlakov\u00e9 spekanie a reak\u010dn\u00e9 spekanie patria medzi r\u00f4zne met\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii na vytvorenie keramiky r\u00f4znych tvarov a ve\u013ekost\u00ed. Keramika sa vo ve\u013ekej miere pou\u017e\u00edva ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 tepelne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov a keramiky pou\u017e\u00edvanej ako komponenty v nepriestreln\u00fdch pancieroch; okrem toho je v\u010faka svojej tuhosti a pevnosti vhodn\u00e1 aj na zrkadl\u00e1 astronomick\u00fdch teleskopov.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide, also referred to as carborundum\/karbornm\/ is an exceptionally hard and durable crystalline compound of silicon and carbon that […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-product-related"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40\/revisions\/41"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}