Karbid krem\u00edka m\u00e1 mnoho aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a vyr\u00e1ba sa vo forme br\u00fasnych materi\u00e1lov, keramick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku a nepriestreln\u00e9ho panciera.<\/p>\n
Karborundum (SiC), kry\u0161talick\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina krem\u00edka a uhl\u00edka, je jednou z najtvrd\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1mych l\u00e1tok s jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm je v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 v r\u00f4znych priemyseln\u00fdch odvetviach.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka je tvrd\u00fd a krehk\u00fd, \u010do z neho rob\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd br\u00fasny materi\u00e1l. V\u00fdrobcovia ho vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pri v\u00fdrobe v\u00fdrobkov, ako je br\u00fasny papier; tento materi\u00e1l sa dod\u00e1va v r\u00f4znych zrnitostiach od hrub\u00fdch a\u017e po ve\u013emi jemn\u00e9 zrnitosti na br\u00fasne oper\u00e1cie, pri\u010dom hrub\u0161ie zrnitosti sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na odstra\u0148ovanie ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva materi\u00e1lu pri po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdch br\u00fasnych oper\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, zatia\u013e \u010do jemnej\u0161ie zrnitosti le\u0161tia povrch obrobkov na dosiahnutie hladk\u00fdch povrchov.<\/p>\n
Abraz\u00edvny karbid krem\u00edka sa pou\u017e\u00edva vo v\u00fdrobkoch vy\u017eaduj\u00facich vysok\u00fa odolnos\u0165, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad brzdy automobilov a keramick\u00e9 dosky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v nepriestreln\u00fdch vest\u00e1ch. Okrem toho sa tento materi\u00e1l nach\u00e1dza aj v kompozitn\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch, ako je karbid krem\u00edka vystu\u017een\u00fd uhl\u00edkov\u00fdmi vl\u00e1knami (CFRC).<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka je nenahradite\u013enou surovinou pri v\u00fdrobe \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov. V\u010faka stabiln\u00fdm chemick\u00fdm vlastnostiam, vysokej tepelnej vodivosti, mal\u00e9mu koeficientu tepelnej roz\u0165a\u017enosti a vynikaj\u00facej odolnosti proti opotrebovaniu je ide\u00e1lnym materi\u00e1lom na v\u00fdrobu br\u00fasnych materi\u00e1lov odoln\u00fdch vo\u010di vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m, ako s\u00fa br\u00fasne p\u00e1sy, br\u00fasne papiere, br\u00fasne kot\u00fa\u010de a n\u00e1stroje na olejov\u00e9 kamene, ako aj obr\u00e1bacie stroje z monokry\u0161talick\u00e9ho krem\u00edka\/polykry\u0161talick\u00e9ho krem\u00edka.<\/p>\n
Kov je ve\u013emi tvrd\u00fd a krehk\u00fd, ale m\u00e1 vysok\u00fa tepeln\u00fa a mechanick\u00fa stabilitu. V\u010faka zlo\u017eeniu z at\u00f3mov krem\u00edka obklopen\u00fdch at\u00f3mami uhl\u00edka a kysl\u00edka je odoln\u00fd vo\u010di teplu a mechanick\u00e9mu nam\u00e1haniu a m\u00e1 p\u00f4sobiv\u00fd bod topenia.<\/p>\n
\u010cist\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka je bezfarebn\u00fd; priemyseln\u00e9 druhy m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 farbu od hnedej po \u010diernu v d\u00f4sledku pr\u00edmes\u00ed \u017eeleza, hlin\u00edka, dus\u00edka alebo vo\u013en\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka. Existuj\u00fa met\u00f3dy dopovania, ktor\u00e9 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa r\u00f4zne polovodi\u010de: napr\u00edklad karbid krem\u00edka typu n m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dopovan\u00fd dus\u00edkom alebo fosforom, zatia\u013e \u010do verzie typu p m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 dopovan\u00e9 hlin\u00edkom, b\u00f3rom alebo g\u00e1liom.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka je jedn\u00fdm z najtvrd\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1lov na Zemi. V\u010faka tomu je ide\u00e1lny pre nepriestreln\u00e9 vesty, ktor\u00e9 nosia policajti a vojaci, a jeho tepeln\u00e9 vlastnosti ho robia odoln\u00fdm vo\u010di teplu.<\/p>\n
Keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, ako je tento, s\u00fa dobre zn\u00e1me svojou pevnos\u0165ou. Okrem toho je keramika vynikaj\u00facim vodi\u010dom tepla a elektrickej energie, v\u010faka \u010domu je ide\u00e1lna pre elektronick\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, ako s\u00fa v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 tranzistory. \u010eal\u0161ou v\u00fdhodou je odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii.<\/p>\n
\u010cist\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka m\u00e1 viacvrstvov\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru a existuje v r\u00f4znych polytypoch alebo odrod\u00e1ch, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00e1 sa odli\u0161uje svojou postupnos\u0165ou ukladania, ktor\u00e1 d\u00e1va ka\u017ed\u00e9mu typu jedine\u010dn\u00fa fyzik\u00e1lnu charakteristiku - napr\u00edklad niektor\u00e9 formy obsahuj\u00fa kovalentn\u00e9 v\u00e4zby medzi \u0161tyrmi at\u00f3mami uhl\u00edka kovalentne viazan\u00fdmi na jeden at\u00f3m krem\u00edka, ktor\u00e9 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa zlo\u017eit\u00fa sie\u0165ov\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru.<\/p>\n
Moissanit sa vyr\u00e1ba synteticky a v pr\u00edrode sa vyskytuje len zriedkavo, hoci mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu existova\u0165 ako moissanitov\u00e9 \u0161perky. Moissanit zohr\u00e1va d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu v elektrick\u00fdch vozidl\u00e1ch, preto\u017ee jeho schopnos\u0165 odol\u00e1va\u0165 vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje vozidl\u00e1m zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 energetick\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 akt\u00edvne chladiace syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00fa hmotnos\u0165, n\u00e1klady a zlo\u017eitos\u0165.<\/p>\n
Keramika z karbidu krem\u00edka je univerz\u00e1lna neoxidov\u00e1 keramika, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch vy\u017eaduj\u00facich mechanick\u00fa aj tepeln\u00fa pevnos\u0165, ako s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010diastky odoln\u00e9 proti opotrebovaniu, \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly na regul\u00e1ciu tepelnej roz\u0165a\u017enosti a polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 zariadenia pracuj\u00face pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch alebo nap\u00e4tiach. Tvrdos\u0165 karbidu krem\u00edka ho rob\u00ed vhodn\u00fdm na tieto \u00fa\u010dely, zatia\u013e \u010do jeho tepeln\u00e1 vodivos\u0165 z neho rob\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd tepelne odoln\u00fd materi\u00e1l. \u0160irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la jeho pou\u017eitia presahuje r\u00e1mec samotn\u00fdch mechanick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed; niektor\u00e9 pr\u00edklady s\u00fa: abraz\u00edva; s\u00fa\u010diastky odoln\u00e9 proti opotrebovaniu; \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly na zabezpe\u010denie tepelnej odolnosti; a zariadenia polovodi\u010dovej elektroniky pracuj\u00face pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, resp. nap\u00e4tiach.<\/p>\n
Kry\u0161talick\u00fd karbid krem\u00edka tvor\u00ed tesne usporiadan\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru zlo\u017een\u00fa z kovalentne viazan\u00fdch at\u00f3mov, ktor\u00e9 tvoria dva prim\u00e1rne koordina\u010dn\u00e9 tetra\u00e9dre zlo\u017een\u00e9 zo \u0161tyroch at\u00f3mov krem\u00edka a \u0161tyroch at\u00f3mov uhl\u00edka, \u010do mu dod\u00e1va neuverite\u013en\u00fa tvrdos\u0165 a pevnos\u0165. Nane\u0161\u0165astie je nerozpustn\u00fd vo vode alebo alkohole, ale odoln\u00fd vo\u010di v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine organick\u00fdch a anorganick\u00fdch kysel\u00edn\/soli (v\u00fdnimkou je kyselina fluorovod\u00edkov\u00e1 a fluoridy kyseliny).<\/p>\n
Polovodi\u010de z karbidu krem\u00edka sa m\u00f4\u017eu pochv\u00e1li\u0165 \u0161irokou p\u00e1smovou medzerou, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 ove\u013ea men\u0161ie a \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie zariadenia ako ekvivalentn\u00e9 krem\u00edkov\u00e9 (Si), \u010do otv\u00e1ra mo\u017enos\u0165 ich vyu\u017eitia pre v\u00fdkonov\u00fa elektroniku v elektrick\u00fdch vozidl\u00e1ch, ako aj pre podporu digitaliza\u010dn\u00fdch procesov v priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide has many applications and comes in the form of abrasives, ceramic powder and bulletproof armor. Carborundum (SiC), a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sic-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38\/revisions\/39"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}