![\"Defin\u00edcia](\"http:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Silicon-Carbide-Definition.jpg\")
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Karbid krem\u00edka (SiC) je nerozpustn\u00e1 kry\u0161talick\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina zlo\u017een\u00e1 z krem\u00edka a uhl\u00edka. SiC sa be\u017ene ozna\u010duje obchodn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvom \"karborundum\" a v pr\u00edrode sa vyskytuje aj ako ve\u013emi vz\u00e1cny miner\u00e1l moissanit.<\/p>\n
PEEK sa pou\u017e\u00edva v elektronick\u00fdch zariadeniach, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch a nap\u00e4tiach, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad nap\u00e1jacie zdroje. Okrem toho je z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom v elektrick\u00fdch vozidl\u00e1ch; jeho pr\u00eds\u013eubom je zv\u00fd\u0161enie dojazdu a zlep\u0161enie energetickej \u00fa\u010dinnosti prostredn\u00edctvom pred\u013a\u017eenia \u017eivotnosti bat\u00e9ri\u00ed a vy\u0161\u0161ej energetickej \u00fa\u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka, \u010dastej\u0161ie ozna\u010dovan\u00fd ako SiC, je extr\u00e9mne abraz\u00edvny materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd sa be\u017ene nach\u00e1dza v meteoritoch a vz\u00e1cnom miner\u00e1li moissanite. SiC sa sklad\u00e1 v\u00fdlu\u010dne z krem\u00edka a uhl\u00edka a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dopovan\u00fd dus\u00edkom alebo fosforom na pou\u017eitie ako polovodi\u010d typu n alebo hlin\u00edkom, b\u00f3rom alebo g\u00e1liom na pou\u017eitie ako polovodi\u010d typu p. Priemyseln\u00fd br\u00fasny papier \u010dasto obsahuje SiC ako jednu zo svojich zlo\u017eiek, pri\u010dom jeho zrn\u00e1 ostr\u00e9 ako britva dok\u00e1\u017eu bez n\u00e1mahy br\u00fasi\u0165 kov, sklo, mramor korkov\u00fd kame\u0148 drevovl\u00e1knit\u00e9 dosky strednej hustoty drevovl\u00e1knit\u00e9 dosky strednej hustoty na r\u00fdchle br\u00fasenie - ide\u00e1lne na pou\u017eitie ako br\u00fasny materi\u00e1l!<\/p>\n
Hlin\u00edk je ide\u00e1lnou vo\u013ebou materi\u00e1lu pre vysoko v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa siln\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti, tepeln\u00fa vodivos\u0165, n\u00edzky koeficient roz\u0165a\u017enosti a odolnos\u0165 proti opotrebovaniu. Tento v\u0161estrann\u00fd kov mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ako s\u00fa abraz\u00edvne materi\u00e1ly, diely odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di opotrebovaniu a \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly v\u010faka jeho tvrdosti; elektronika v\u010faka jeho stabilite a spo\u013eahlivosti; ako aj metalurgick\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie v\u010faka jeho tepelnej odolnosti.<\/p>\n
Jedine\u010dn\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 a chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti karbidu krem\u00edka z neho robia vynikaj\u00facu vo\u013ebu materi\u00e1lu pre vysoko v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 stroj\u00e1rske aplik\u00e1cie, ako s\u00fa lo\u017eisk\u00e1 \u010derpadiel, ventily, pieskovacie vstrekova\u010de, lisovacie formy, odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii a vysok\u00fd bod topenia z neho robia vynikaj\u00faci materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd sa d\u00e1 pou\u017ei\u0165 v extr\u00e9mnych stroj\u00e1rskych situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. \u0164a\u017ek\u00e1 p\u00f4da m\u00f4\u017ee na svojom povrchu vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 men\u0161ie trenie v porovnan\u00ed s \u013eahk\u00fdmi p\u00f4dnymi podmienkami, zatia\u013e \u010do prach karbidu krem\u00edka m\u00f4\u017ee u \u013eud\u00ed sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 neprogres\u00edvnu p\u013e\u00facnu fibr\u00f3zu.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka, \u010dastej\u0161ie ozna\u010dovan\u00fd ako karborundum, je mimoriadne tvrd\u00e1 kry\u0161talick\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina krem\u00edka a uhl\u00edka, ktor\u00e1 sa od svojho zavedenia koncom 19. storo\u010dia dlho pou\u017e\u00edvala ako br\u00fasny materi\u00e1l. Odvtedy sa pou\u017e\u00edva najm\u00e4 v br\u00fasnych kot\u00fa\u010doch a rezn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojoch, jeho v\u0161estrann\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie siaha od \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00fdch v\u00fdmuroviek priemyseln\u00fdch pec\u00ed a s\u00fa\u010diastok odoln\u00fdch proti opotrebovaniu v \u010derpadl\u00e1ch a raketov\u00fdch motoroch a\u017e po keramiku a polovodi\u010de; v\u010faka svojej odolnosti proti kor\u00f3zii a oxid\u00e1cii, ako aj pevnosti pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch s minim\u00e1lnou tepelnou roz\u0165a\u017enos\u0165ou je jedn\u00fdm z najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edch keramick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 sa dnes v\u00f4bec pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka je neoxidov\u00e1 keramika s p\u00e1smovou medzerou, ktor\u00e1 je trikr\u00e1t v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia ako u \u0161tandardn\u00fdch polovodi\u010dov krem\u00edka, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee vydr\u017e\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161ie nap\u00e4tie. Okrem toho sa pri jeho spekan\u00ed vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa ve\u013emi mal\u00e9 \u010dastice, ktor\u00e9 s men\u0161ou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou po\u0161kodia elektronick\u00e9 obvody. Po pridan\u00ed dopuj\u00facich l\u00e1tok, ako s\u00fa b\u00f3r a hlin\u00edk, sa karbid krem\u00edka st\u00e1va polovodi\u010dom typu p; ke\u010f sa namiesto toho prid\u00e1 dopovanie fosforom a dus\u00edkom, zmen\u00ed sa na polovodi\u010d typu n.<\/p>\n
Spekanie karbidu krem\u00edka je jednoduch\u00fd proces, pri ktorom vznikaj\u00fa hust\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky s vynikaj\u00facimi mechanick\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami. Jeho tvrdos\u0165 je rozhoduj\u00faca pri mnoh\u00fdch abraz\u00edvnych procesoch obr\u00e1bania, ako je br\u00fasenie, rezanie vodn\u00fdm l\u00fa\u010dom a pieskovanie; modern\u00ed lapid\u00e1ri oce\u0148uj\u00fa aj odolnos\u0165 karbidu krem\u00edka a jeho vysok\u00fa rozmerov\u00fa stabilitu; m\u00f4\u017ee sa dokonca pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na v\u00fdrobu vysoko v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch brzdov\u00fdch kot\u00fa\u010dov pre \u0161portov\u00e9 aut\u00e1 alebo in\u00e9 v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka alebo SiC je neoxidov\u00fd keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva v r\u00f4znych aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, od abraz\u00edvnych materi\u00e1lov a dielov odoln\u00fdch proti opotrebovaniu pre svoju tvrdos\u0165 a\u017e po metalurgiu a \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pre svoju tepeln\u00fa odolnos\u0165 a tepeln\u00fa roz\u0165a\u017enos\u0165; v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch v\u00fdkonovej elektroniky v\u010faka svojim nap\u00e4\u0165ovo odoln\u00fdm vlastnostiam; dopovan\u00fd dus\u00edkom alebo fosforom na vytvorenie polovodi\u010dov typu n alebo ber\u00fdliom, b\u00f3rom a hlin\u00edkom na vytvorenie polovodi\u010dov typu p; jeho tesn\u00e1 kry\u0161t\u00e1lov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara vytv\u00e1ra polytypy s r\u00f4znym chemick\u00fdm zlo\u017een\u00edm, ako aj elektrick\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami; hoci je nerozpustn\u00fd vo vode, rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a sa v z\u00e1sad\u00e1ch alebo v m\u00e9di\u00e1ch obsahuj\u00facich \u017eelezo.<\/p>\n
SiC sa od krem\u00edka odli\u0161uje ove\u013ea \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm p\u00e1smov\u00fdm rozp\u00e4t\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 mu umo\u017e\u0148uje vykazova\u0165 polovodivos\u0165. Ako tak\u00fd je ide\u00e1lnou vo\u013ebou materi\u00e1lu pre vysokonap\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, preto\u017ee odol\u00e1va nap\u00e4tiam, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa desa\u0165kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161ie, ne\u017e znesie krem\u00edk.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka sa m\u00f4\u017ee pochv\u00e1li\u0165 vynikaj\u00facou tepelnou vodivos\u0165ou, ktor\u00e1 mu umo\u017e\u0148uje odol\u00e1va\u0165 teplot\u00e1m a\u017e do 1 400 \u00b0C, \u010do je podstatne viac ako limit 175 \u00b0C \u0161tandardn\u00e9ho krem\u00edka. Karbid krem\u00edka preto zni\u017euje potrebu akt\u00edvnych chladiacich syst\u00e9mov v zariadeniach v\u00fdkonovej elektroniky, ako s\u00fa DC-DC meni\u010de a palubn\u00e9 nab\u00edja\u010dky.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 r\u00f4znymi procesmi vr\u00e1tane met\u00f3d reak\u010dnej v\u00e4zby a CVD. Met\u00f3dy reak\u010dnej v\u00e4zby zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa mie\u0161anie pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9ho SiC s uhl\u00edkov\u00fdm pr\u00e1\u0161kom a zm\u00e4k\u010dovadlom pred jeho tvarovan\u00edm do po\u017eadovan\u00fdch tvarov a pred sp\u00e1len\u00edm ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek zm\u00e4k\u010dovadla pr\u00edtomn\u00e9ho v zmesi. CVD zah\u0155\u0148a zahrievanie \u010dist\u00e9ho kremi\u010dit\u00e9ho piesku zmie\u0161an\u00e9ho s koksom v tehlovej elektrickej odporovej peci pri prechode pr\u00fadu cez jej vodi\u010d; nesk\u00f4r sa rozomelie na jemn\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ok na pou\u017eitie ako brusivo.<\/p>\n
Karbid krem\u00edka alebo SiC je jednou z najtvrd\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1mych l\u00e1tok. Vyu\u017e\u00edva sa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm ako automobilov\u00fd materi\u00e1l vo vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00fdch brzdov\u00fdch kot\u00fa\u010doch pre \u0161portov\u00e9 aut\u00e1 a superaut\u00e1; tento materi\u00e1l sa v\u0161ak vyu\u017e\u00edva aj v polovodi\u010doch a komponentoch v\u00fdkonovej elektroniky v\u010faka jeho vynikaj\u00facim fyzik\u00e1lnym a elektrick\u00fdm vlastnostiam, ktor\u00e9 ho robia vhodn\u00fdm pre vysokonap\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n
Keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly so \u017eiaducimi vlastnos\u0165ami neoxidovej keramiky s\u00fa vynikaj\u00facou vo\u013ebou pre mnoh\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, od senzorov a polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed a\u017e po nosite\u013en\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie a lek\u00e1rske implant\u00e1ty. Keramika dopovan\u00e1 r\u00f4znymi mno\u017estvami hlin\u00edka, b\u00f3ru alebo uhl\u00edka m\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 \u0161pecifick\u00e9 v\u00fdkonnostn\u00e9 charakteristiky pre r\u00f4zne priemyseln\u00e9 pou\u017eitia a m\u00f4\u017ee sa vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 do n\u00edzkonap\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed na vysokonap\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 pou\u017eitie.<\/p>\n
V\u010faka svojej at\u00f3movej \u0161trukt\u00fare je SiC vynikaj\u00facim vodi\u010dom, \u010do ho predur\u010duje na pou\u017eitie ako tranzistor v elektrick\u00fdch vozidl\u00e1ch. Tieto \u010dipy zni\u017euj\u00fa teplo vznikaj\u00face po\u010das prev\u00e1dzky, \u010d\u00edm zvy\u0161uj\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 a predl\u017euj\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 bat\u00e9ri\u00ed, a s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 odol\u00e1va\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m, \u010d\u00edm eliminuj\u00fa akt\u00edvne chladiace syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00fa hmotnos\u0165 a zlo\u017eitos\u0165 kon\u0161trukcie elektromobilu.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdroba karbidu krem\u00edka sa \u010dasom zmenila, ale jej z\u00e1kladn\u00fd postup zost\u00e1va podobn\u00fd tomu, ktor\u00fd ako prv\u00fd zaviedol Edward Acheson v roku 1891. Zmes \u010dist\u00e9ho kremi\u010dit\u00e9ho piesku a koksov\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka sa zahrieva v elektrickej peci, a\u017e k\u00fdm sa nezap\u00e1li elektrickou iskrou z uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho vodi\u010da, \u010d\u00edm sa z\u00edskaj\u00fa jasne zelen\u00e9 kry\u0161t\u00e1ly so zna\u010dnou tvrdos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide (SiC) is an insoluble crystalline compound composed of silicon and carbon. Commonly referred to by its trade name […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sic-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=126"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":185,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126\/revisions\/185"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}