Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds (SiC) ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi ciets sint\u0113tisks sil\u012bcija un oglek\u013ca savienojums, kas dab\u0101 sastopams k\u0101 d\u0101rgakmens moisan\u012bts un maz\u0101k\u0101 daudzum\u0101 oglekli saturo\u0161os hondr\u012btu meteor\u012btos.<\/p>\n
Kvarcs, ko ieg\u016bst, kaus\u0113jot sil\u012bcija smiltis un koksu augst\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 elektriskaj\u0101 kr\u0101sn\u012b, past\u0101v vismaz 70 da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s krist\u0101lisk\u0101s form\u0101s; visizplat\u012bt\u0101k\u0101 ir alfa forma ar se\u0161st\u016brainu krist\u0101lisko strukt\u016bru, kas l\u012bdz\u012bga virtc\u012btam.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds, ko bie\u017e\u0101k d\u0113v\u0113 par karborundu, ir neviena oks\u012bda keramikas savienojums ar izcilu ciet\u012bbu un \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101s iztur\u012bbas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, kas ierindojas otraj\u0101 viet\u0101 aiz dimanta. Turkl\u0101t t\u012bras formas sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir notur\u012bgs pret oksid\u0113\u0161anos augst\u0101k\u0101s temperat\u016br\u0101s, nodro\u0161inot dro\u0161\u0101ku elektrovad\u012btsp\u0113ju un elektrovad\u012btsp\u0113ju.<\/p>\n
Elektriskaj\u0101 kr\u0101sn\u012b sil\u012bcija smiltis kars\u0113 kop\u0101 ar oglekli, lai ieg\u016btu SiC. Ieg\u016bto za\u013co l\u012bdz zilgan\u012bgi melno krist\u0101lisko materi\u0101lu p\u0113c tam var sadal\u012bt \u0161\u0137ir\u0101s ar at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bg\u0101m fizik\u0101laj\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m: piem\u0113ram, A metalur\u0123iskajai \u0161\u0137irai ir rupji sl\u0101\u0146i, bet b \u0161\u0137iras krist\u0101li veido glud\u0101kas strukt\u016bras.<\/p>\n
\u0160iem daudzsl\u0101\u0146u strukt\u016bru tipiem piem\u012bt at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas elektrisk\u0101s, optisk\u0101s un termisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas. To atomu saites sast\u0101v no \u010detriem sil\u012bcija atomiem, kas saist\u012bti ar \u010detriem oglek\u013ca atomiem neregul\u0101r\u0101 kvadr\u0101tveida rakst\u0101, veidojot \u010detrus se\u0161st\u016brainus krist\u0101lus; tas nodro\u0161ina pla\u0161as joslas starp\u012bbas pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas. Ekstr\u016bzijas vai aukst\u0101s izostatisk\u0101s pres\u0113\u0161anas rezult\u0101t\u0101 \u0161os materi\u0101lus var veidot stie\u0146os vai caurul\u012bt\u0113s, ko var izmantot k\u0101 stie\u0146us un caurules.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds (SiC), ko bie\u017e\u0101k d\u0113v\u0113 par karborundu, ir iztur\u012bgs sil\u012bcija un oglek\u013ca \u0137\u012bmisks savienojums ar pla\u0161a joslas spraugas pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m. SiC ir ugunsiztur\u012bgs, un tas ir paz\u012bstams ar\u012b ar augstu siltumvad\u012btsp\u0113ju un zem\u0101m termisk\u0101s izple\u0161an\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, kas padara to \u013coti iztur\u012bgu pret termiskiem triecieniem.<\/p>\n
Krist\u0101liskais SiC kristaliz\u0113jas cie\u0161\u0101 krist\u0101liskaj\u0101 strukt\u016br\u0101 ar \u010detriem sil\u012bcija un \u010detriem oglek\u013ca atomiem, kas saist\u012bti tetraedrisk\u0101 koordin\u0101cij\u0101, un tam ir vair\u0101k nek\u0101 70 politipu; alfa SiC visbie\u017e\u0101k sastopams temperat\u016br\u0101 virs 2000 gr\u0101diem p\u0113c C ar heksagon\u0101lu krist\u0101lisko strukt\u016bru, kas l\u012bdz\u012bga virtc\u012btam. Savuk\u0101rt beta modifik\u0101cija ar dimantam l\u012bdz\u012bgu cinkblendes krist\u0101lisko strukt\u016bru un sfaler\u012bta veido\u0161an\u0101s notiek zem\u0101k\u0101s temperat\u016br\u0101s.<\/p>\n
Karborunds ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi reta viela dab\u0101, bet ir galvenais elements ar oglekli bag\u0101tos meteor\u012btos kosmos\u0101. Pirmo reizi \u0161o materi\u0101lu 1891. gad\u0101 m\u0101ksl\u012bgi sintez\u0113ja Edvards A\u010dsons (Edward Acheson), ra\u017eojot m\u0101ksl\u012bgos dimantus, bet 1893. gad\u0101 tas tika atkl\u0101ts dab\u012bg\u0101 veid\u0101 Arizonas Kanjonas Diablo meteor\u012bt\u0101 un nosaukts par moisan\u012btu Nobela pr\u0113mijas laure\u0101ta Anr\u012b Moisana v\u0101rd\u0101.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda virsma ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi cieta, t\u0101 Mohsas skalas 9. pak\u0101pe ir visciet\u0101k\u0101 no neviena oks\u012bda keramikas un viens no ciet\u0101kajiem materi\u0101liem kopum\u0101. Tas ir lieliska materi\u0101la izv\u0113le lietojumiem, kas saist\u012bti ar meh\u0101nisko nodilumu, piem\u0113ram, abraz\u012bviem materi\u0101liem un ugunsiztur\u012bgiem materi\u0101liem, vienlaikus tam piem\u012bt labas termisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, kas iztur augstas temperat\u016bras vidi, k\u0101 ar\u012b termisko \u0161oku.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcijs aizst\u0101j pusi oglek\u013ca atomu, nodro\u0161inot uzlabotas siltumvad\u012btsp\u0113jas, jo sil\u012bcija un oglek\u013ca atomu r\u0101diuss ir l\u012bdz\u012bgs - tas pal\u012bdz samazin\u0101t izkliedi.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds par\u0101d\u0101s k\u0101 dzelteni, za\u013ci l\u012bdz zilgan\u012bgi melni mirdzo\u0161i krist\u0101li, kas sadaloties 2700 gr\u0101dos p\u0113c Celsija temperat\u016bras izk\u016bst. Lai gan SiC ne\u0161\u0137\u012bst \u016bden\u012b, tas \u0161\u0137\u012bst izkaus\u0113tos s\u0101rmos, piem\u0113ram, NaOH un KOH, k\u0101 ar\u012b izkaus\u0113t\u0101 dzelz\u012b, un t\u0101 Junga moduli un ciet\u012bbu nosaka tekst\u016bra, sakopojuma plaisas, graudu lielums un graudu robe\u017eu raksturs.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda pla\u0161\u0101 joslas spraugas ener\u0123ija \u013cauj tam iztur\u0113t augst\u0101kas temperat\u016bras un spriegumu nek\u0101 sil\u012bcijam, t\u0101p\u0113c tas ir piem\u0113rots lietojumiem, kur nepiecie\u0161amas \u0101tras, bet uzticamas elektronisk\u0101s ier\u012bces. Turkl\u0101t t\u0101 sp\u0113ja iztur\u0113t \u0161\u0101du spriegumu ir nenov\u0113rt\u0113jama elektromobi\u013cu akumulatoru sist\u0113m\u0101s, kas samazina gan izm\u0113rus, gan svaru, piln\u012bb\u0101 izsl\u0113dzot invertorus.<\/p>\n
SiC ir popul\u0101rs materi\u0101ls, pateicoties t\u0101 keramikas un pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu kombin\u0101cijai, kas veicina elektronisko tehnolo\u0123iju att\u012bst\u012bbu. Turkl\u0101t t\u0101 ciet\u012bba, iztur\u012bba, zema termisk\u0101 izple\u0161an\u0101s un iztur\u012bba pret \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101m reakcij\u0101m ir veicin\u0101jusi t\u0101 popularit\u0101tes pieaugumu.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdu ra\u017eo, elektriskaj\u0101 kr\u0101sn\u012b kars\u0113jot t\u012bras sil\u012bcija smiltis ar oglekli, veidojot gan metalur\u0123iskas, gan abraz\u012bvas kvalit\u0101tes liet\u0146us, ko sauc par a-SiC un b-SiC atkar\u012bb\u0101 no kvalit\u0101tes un paredz\u0113t\u0101 lietojuma. P\u0113c liet\u0146u form\u0113\u0161anas tos sagrie\u017e da\u017e\u0101dos izm\u0113ros un form\u0101s atkar\u012bb\u0101 no v\u0113lam\u0101 pielietojuma, un p\u0113c tam sajauc ar papildu elementiem, piem\u0113ram, alum\u012bniju vai sl\u0101pekli, lai ieg\u016btu v\u0113lam\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon Carbide (SiC) is an extremely hard synthetic compound of silicon and carbon that occurs naturally as the gem moissanite […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sic-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62\/revisions\/63"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}