Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdam ir daudz pielietojumu, un to var izmantot abraz\u012bvu, keramikas pulvera un lo\u017eu necaurlaid\u012bgu bru\u0146u veid\u0101.<\/p>\n
Karborunds (SiC), krist\u0101lisks sil\u012bcija un oglek\u013ca savienojums, ir viena no ciet\u0101kaj\u0101m zin\u0101maj\u0101m viel\u0101m ar unik\u0101l\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, kas to padara noder\u012bgu da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s r\u016bpniec\u012bbas nozar\u0113s.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir ciets un trausls, t\u0101p\u0113c tas ir efekt\u012bvs abraz\u012bvs materi\u0101ls. Ra\u017eot\u0101ji to izmanto, ra\u017eojot t\u0101dus izstr\u0101d\u0101jumus k\u0101 smil\u0161pap\u012brs; \u0161is materi\u0101ls ir da\u017e\u0101da lieluma smil\u0161u graudi\u0146iem, s\u0101kot no rupjiem un beidzot ar \u013coti smalkiem, kas paredz\u0113ti sl\u012bp\u0113\u0161anas oper\u0101cij\u0101m; rupj\u0101kos izmanto, lai s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101s sl\u012bp\u0113\u0161anas oper\u0101cij\u0101s no\u0146emtu lielu daudzumu materi\u0101la, bet smalk\u0101ki pul\u0113 apstr\u0101d\u0101jamo deta\u013cu virsmas, lai ieg\u016btu gludu apdari.<\/p>\n
Abraz\u012bvo sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdu izmanto izstr\u0101d\u0101jumos, kuriem nepiecie\u0161ama augsta iztur\u012bba, piem\u0113ram, automa\u0161\u012bnu bremz\u0113s un keramikas pl\u0101ksn\u0113s, ko izmanto bru\u0146uvest\u0113s. Turkl\u0101t \u0161o materi\u0101lu var atrast ar\u012b kompoz\u012btmateri\u0101los, piem\u0113ram, ar oglek\u013ca \u0161\u0137iedru pastiprin\u0101t\u0101 sil\u012bcija karb\u012bd\u0101 (CFRC).<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir neaizst\u0101jama izejviela ugunsiztur\u012bgo materi\u0101lu ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101. Ar stabil\u0101m \u0137\u012bmiskaj\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, augstu siltumvad\u012btsp\u0113ju, mazu termisk\u0101s izple\u0161an\u0101s koeficientu un lielisku nodilumiztur\u012bbu tas ir ide\u0101ls materi\u0101ls, lai ra\u017eotu augstas temperat\u016bras iztur\u012bgus abraz\u012bvus, piem\u0113ram, lentes abraz\u012bvus, smil\u0161pap\u012bru, sl\u012bp\u0113\u0161anas rite\u0146u diskus un e\u013c\u013cas akme\u0146u instrumentus, k\u0101 ar\u012b monokrist\u0101lisk\u0101 sil\u012bcija\/polikrist\u0101lisk\u0101 sil\u012bcija darbgaldus.<\/p>\n
Met\u0101ls ir \u013coti ciets un trausls, ta\u010du tam ir augsta termisk\u0101 un meh\u0101nisk\u0101 stabilit\u0101te. T\u0101 sast\u0101v no sil\u012bcija atomiem, ko ieskauj oglek\u013ca un sk\u0101bek\u013ca atomi, t\u0101p\u0113c tas ir iztur\u012bgs pret karstumu un meh\u0101nisko slodzi, k\u0101 ar\u012b tam ir iespaid\u012bga ku\u0161anas temperat\u016bra.<\/p>\n
T\u012brs sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir bezkr\u0101sains; r\u016bpniecisk\u0101s \u0161\u0137irnes var b\u016bt no br\u016bnas l\u012bdz melnai kr\u0101sai dzelzs, alum\u012bnija, sl\u0101pek\u013ca vai br\u012bv\u0101 oglek\u013ca iesl\u0113gumu d\u0113\u013c. Past\u0101v dopinga metodes, kas rada da\u017e\u0101dus pusvad\u012bt\u0101jus: piem\u0113ram, n tipa sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdu var doping\u0113t ar sl\u0101pekli vai fosforu, bet p tipa versijas var doping\u0113t ar alum\u012bnija, bora vai gallija piedevu.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds ir viens no ciet\u0101kajiem materi\u0101liem uz Zemes. T\u0101p\u0113c tas ir ide\u0101li piem\u0113rots policijas un milit\u0101rpersonu bru\u0146uvest\u0113m, un t\u0101 termisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas padara to iztur\u012bgu pret karstumu.<\/p>\n
T\u0101di keramikas materi\u0101li k\u0101 \u0161is ir labi zin\u0101mi k\u0101 iztur\u012bgi. Turkl\u0101t keramika lieliski vada siltumu un elektr\u012bbu, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101 ir ide\u0101li piem\u0113rota t\u0101diem elektroniskiem lietojumiem k\u0101 jaudas tranzistori. Turkl\u0101t v\u0113l viena priek\u0161roc\u012bba ir iztur\u012bba pret koroziju.<\/p>\n
T\u012bram sil\u012bcija karb\u012bdam piem\u012bt daudzsl\u0101\u0146aina strukt\u016bra, un tas past\u0101v da\u017e\u0101dos politipos jeb paveidos, no kuriem katrs at\u0161\u0137iras ar to sak\u0101rto\u0161anas sec\u012bbu, kas katram veidam pie\u0161\u0137ir unik\u0101las fizik\u0101l\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, piem\u0113ram, da\u017eos veidos ir kovalentas saites starp \u010detriem oglek\u013ca atomiem, kas kovalenti saist\u012bti ar vienu sil\u012bcija atomu, veidojot sare\u017e\u0123\u012btu t\u012bkla strukt\u016bru.<\/p>\n
Moisan\u012btu ra\u017eo sint\u0113tiski, un dab\u0101 tas sastopams reti, lai gan nelielos daudzumos var b\u016bt sastopams moisan\u012bta d\u0101rgakme\u0146u veid\u0101. Moisan\u012btam ir b\u016btiska noz\u012bme elektriskajos transportl\u012bdzek\u013cos, jo t\u0101 sp\u0113ja iztur\u0113t augstas temperat\u016bras \u013cauj transportl\u012bdzek\u013ciem k\u013c\u016bt energoefekt\u012bv\u0101kiem, vienlaikus samazinot akt\u012bv\u0101s dzes\u0113\u0161anas sist\u0113mas, kas palielina svaru, izmaksas un sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u012bbu.<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda keramika ir univers\u0101la nonooks\u012bda keramika, ko izmanto lietojumos, kur nepiecie\u0161ama gan meh\u0101nisk\u0101, gan termisk\u0101 iztur\u012bba, piem\u0113ram, nodilumiztur\u012bg\u0101s deta\u013c\u0101s, ugunsiztur\u012bgos materi\u0101los karstumiztur\u012bbai, ugunsiztur\u012bgos materi\u0101los termisk\u0101s izple\u0161an\u0101s kontrolei un pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju elektronikas ier\u012bc\u0113s, kas darbojas augst\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 vai spriegum\u0101. Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda ciet\u012bba padara to piem\u0113rotu \u0161iem lietojumiem, savuk\u0101rt t\u0101 siltumvad\u012btsp\u0113ja padara to par efekt\u012bvu karstumiztur\u012bgu materi\u0101lu. T\u0101 pla\u0161ais pielietojuma spektrs sniedzas t\u0101l\u0101k nek\u0101 tikai meh\u0101niskie lietojumi; da\u017ei piem\u0113ri ir \u0161\u0101di: abraz\u012bvie materi\u0101li, nodilumiztur\u012bgas deta\u013cas, ugunsiztur\u012bgi materi\u0101li karstumiztur\u012bbas nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai un pusvad\u012bt\u0101ju elektronikas ier\u012bces, kas darbojas attiec\u012bgi augst\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 vai sprieguma re\u017e\u012bm\u0101.<\/p>\n
Krist\u0101liskais sil\u012bcija karb\u012bds veidojas k\u0101 cie\u0161a strukt\u016bra, kas sast\u0101v no kovalenti saist\u012btiem atomiem, kuri veido divus prim\u0101ros koordin\u0101cijas tetraedrus, ko veido \u010detri sil\u012bcija un \u010detri oglek\u013ca atomi, kas pie\u0161\u0137ir tam neticamu ciet\u012bbu un iztur\u012bbu. Diem\u017e\u0113l tas ne\u0161\u0137\u012bst \u016bden\u012b vai alkohol\u0101, bet ir iztur\u012bgs pret liel\u0101ko da\u013cu organisko un neorganisko sk\u0101bju\/s\u0101\u013cu (iz\u0146\u0113mums ir fluor\u016bde\u0146ra\u017esk\u0101be un sk\u0101bju fluor\u012bdi).<\/p>\n
Sil\u012bcija karb\u012bda pusvad\u012bt\u0101jiem ir pla\u0161a joslas sprauga, kas \u013cauj izgatavot daudz maz\u0101kas un efekt\u012bv\u0101kas ier\u012bces nek\u0101 l\u012bdzv\u0113rt\u012bgas sil\u012bcija (Si) ier\u012bces, paverot iesp\u0113ju tos izmantot sp\u0113ka elektronik\u0101 elektriskajos transportl\u012bdzek\u013cos, k\u0101 ar\u012b atbalstot digitaliz\u0101cijas procesus r\u016bpniec\u012bbas procesos.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide has many applications and comes in the form of abrasives, ceramic powder and bulletproof armor. Carborundum (SiC), a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sic-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38\/revisions\/39"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}