Silicio karbidas (dar vadinamas karborundu) yra neorganinis cheminis junginys, sudarytas i\u0161 silicio ir anglies atom\u0173, nat\u016braliai randamas gamtoje kaip moisanitas ir masi\u0161kai gaminamas nuo 1893 m. kaip abrazyvas.<\/p>\n
SiC yra daugiau kaip 70 kristalini\u0173 form\u0173, skirstom\u0173 \u012f du polimorfus: alfa silicio karbid\u0105 (a-SiC) ir beta silicio karbid\u0105 (b-SiC). Eksperimentin\u0117s paklaidos ribose abi formos lydosi vienu metu, esant sl\u0117giui iki 10 GPa.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas yra itin kieta ir tanki med\u017eiaga, kuri\u0105 galima naudoti \u012fvairiose srityse. Jo galima rasti tokiuose gaminiuose kaip \u0161vitrinis popierius, \u0161lifavimo diskai, pjovimo \u012frankiai, automobili\u0173 komponentai ir automobili\u0173 ugniai atsparios med\u017eiagos; be to, d\u0117l savo kietumo ir ma\u017eo \u0161iluminio pl\u0117timosi grei\u010dio jis naudojamas kaip ugniai atspari med\u017eiaga krosnyse, degimo krosnyse ir ugniai atspariose i\u0161klotin\u0117se, taip pat kaip veidrodin\u0117 med\u017eiaga astronominiuose teleskopuose.<\/p>\n
Edvardas Goodrichas Achesonas pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 masi\u0161kai silicio karbid\u0105 pagamino 1891 m., kai elektrin\u0117je krosnyje kaitino molio ir milteli\u0173 pavidalo kokso (anglies) mi\u0161in\u012f ir gavo m\u0117lynai juod\u0105 med\u017eiag\u0105, vadinam\u0105 karborundu.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbido lydymosi tyrimai esant 5-8 GPa sl\u0117giui atskleid\u0117, kad jis lydosi vienodai visuose tirtuose sl\u0117giuose, o jo lydymosi kreiv\u0117s neigiamas nuolydis yra -44 + 4 K\/GPa, ir tai \u012frodo, kad tankio funkcin\u0117 teorija tiksliai prognozavo.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas (SiC) yra neoksidin\u0117 keramin\u0117 med\u017eiaga, pasi\u017eyminti i\u0161skirtin\u0117mis savyb\u0117mis, d\u0117l kuri\u0173 j\u0105 galima naudoti daugelyje auk\u0161tatemperat\u016bri\u0173 sri\u010di\u0173. SiC yra kietas ir labai stiprus, jo polikristalinio k\u016bno stipris siekia iki 27 GPa; be to, jis pasi\u017eymi puikiomis atsparumo \u0161liau\u017eimui savyb\u0117mis ir ma\u017eais \u0161iluminio pl\u0117timosi rodikliais.<\/p>\n
Keraminio dioksido (CeO2) keramika netirpsta vandenyje, bet tirpsta i\u0161lydytuose \u0161arm\u0173 ir gele\u017eies tirpaluose, tod\u0117l yra pati kie\u010diausia i\u0161 vis\u0173 pa\u017eangi\u0173j\u0173 strukt\u016brini\u0173 keramik\u0173, atspari dilimui, korozijai, sm\u016bgiams ir terminiam pl\u0117timosi procesui esant dideliam sl\u0117giui, tod\u0117l puikiai tinka naudoti auk\u0161tatemperat\u016br\u0117se srityse, pavyzd\u017eiui, branduolini\u0173 reaktori\u0173 komponentams.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas, da\u017eniau vadinamas a-SiC, paprastai naudojamas elektromobili\u0173 stabd\u017eiuose ir sankabose bei neper\u0161aunamose liemen\u0117se, taip pat kaip heterogenini\u0173 katalizatori\u0173 substratas. Gaminant pramoninius \u0161ios med\u017eiagos kiekius vis dar naudojamos elektrin\u0117s krosnys, kuriose grynas silicio dioksido sm\u0117lis redukuojamas smulkiai sumaltu koksu elektrin\u0117je krosnyje; pramonin\u0117 silicio karbido gamyba teb\u0117ra populiarus pasirinkimas auk\u0161tos \u012ftampos taikymams galios elektronikoje.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas, dar \u017einomas kaip silicio dioksidas, yra kietas cheminis junginys, sudarytas i\u0161 silicio ir anglies, nat\u016braliai randamas kaip mineralas moisanitas, ta\u010diau nuo 1893 m. masi\u0161kai gaminamas milteli\u0173 ir kristal\u0173 pavidalu ir naudojamas kaip abrazyvin\u0117 ir neper\u0161aunam\u0173 liemeni\u0173 keramini\u0173 plok\u0161teli\u0173 med\u017eiaga. Dideli pavieniai kristal\u0173 gr\u016bdeliai gali b\u016bti sujungiami sukepinant ir taip gaunama itin tvirta strukt\u016brin\u0117 keramika; be to, i\u0161 jo da\u017enai gaminami sintetiniai moisanito brangakmeniai, vadinami sintetinio moisanito brangakmeniais. Silicio karbidas taip pat veikia kaip puslaidininkis; j\u012f dopinguojant azotu arba fosforu, jis gali tapti n tipo med\u017eiaga; pana\u0161iai berilis, boras arba aliuminis gali pakeisti j\u012f \u012f p tipo med\u017eiag\u0105, priklausomai nuo to, kokios bus jo savyb\u0117s, dopingas j\u012f pakeis \u012f n tipo puslaidininkin\u0119 med\u017eiag\u0105.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas pasi\u017eymi dideliu juostiniu tarpu ir dideliu elektrinio lauko pramu\u0161imo stipriu, tod\u0117l tinka elektronikos prietaisams, veikiantiems itin auk\u0161toje temperat\u016broje arba esant itin auk\u0161tai \u012ftampai. Be to, jis yra atsparus terminiams sm\u016bgiams, tod\u0117l yra pla\u010diai naudojamas. Silicio karbidas b\u016bna \u012fvairi\u0173 vienetini\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 (kubin\u0117s, romboedrin\u0117s arba \u0161e\u0161iakamp\u0117s). Jei tankinamas naudojant mol\u012f, jis gali stabdyti kaklelio augim\u0105 ir kartu u\u017ekirsti keli\u0105 SiO2 susidarymui, kuris prie\u0161ingu atveju suma\u017eint\u0173 tamprumo modul\u012f. \u012evairiuose tyrimuose buvo nagrin\u0117jama jo lydymosi elgsena esant dideliam sl\u0117giui, naudojant ab initio molekulin\u0117s dinamikos modeliavim\u0105, pagr\u012fst\u0105 tankio funkcin\u0117s teorijos modeliavimu.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas yra itin kieta ir standi keramin\u0117 med\u017eiaga, pasi\u017eyminti didele temperat\u016bra, ma\u017eu \u0161iluminio pl\u0117timosi koeficientu ir atsparumu chemin\u0117ms reakcijoms. Jis b\u016bna \u012fvairi\u0173 dyd\u017ei\u0173 ir form\u0173, \u012fskaitant granuli\u0173, kurias galima \u012fsigyti, ir plok\u0161teli\u0173, i\u0161 kuri\u0173 galima gaminti veidrod\u017eius dideliems teleskopams. Silicio karbido gamybos b\u016bdai - nuo tiesiogin\u0117s anglies sintez\u0117s iki cheminio nusodinimo i\u0161 gar\u0173.<\/p>\n
Atlikti Debye temperat\u016bros priklausomyb\u0117s nuo sl\u0117gio tyrimai ZB ir RS SiC nuo 3100+40 K iki 5-8 GPa temperat\u016broje, taikant gesinimo eksperimentus ir matavimus in situ, naudojant gesinimo eksperimentus ir matavimus in situ. Rezultatai rodo, kad esant aplinkos sl\u0117giui abi Lame'o konstantos (l, m) yra teigiamos, did\u0117jant m nuokrypiui, o tai rodo, kad esant didesniam sl\u0117giui did\u0117ja necentrini\u0173 daugelio k\u016bn\u0173 j\u0117g\u0173, apiman\u010di\u0173 kr\u016bvinink\u0173 perna\u0161os s\u0105veikas, stiprumas, tod\u0117l SiC mechani\u0161kai stand\u0117ja.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide (also referred to as carborundum) is an inorganic chemical compound composed of silicon and carbon atoms, naturally found […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-product-related"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66\/revisions\/67"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}