Silicio karbidas (SiC) yra itin kietas sintetinis silicio ir anglies junginys, nat\u016braliai randamas kaip brangakmenis moisanitas ir, ma\u017eesniu mastu, anglinguose chondritiniuose meteorituose.<\/p>\n
Kvarcas, gaminamas lydant kvarcin\u012f sm\u0117l\u012f ir koks\u0105 auk\u0161toje temperat\u016broje elektrin\u0117je krosnyje, yra ma\u017eiausiai 70 skirting\u0173 kristalini\u0173 form\u0173; labiausiai paplitusi yra alfa forma su \u0161e\u0161iakampio kristaline strukt\u016bra, pana\u0161ia \u012f vurcit\u0105.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas, da\u017eniau vadinamas karborundu, yra nonooksidinis keramikos junginys, pasi\u017eymintis i\u0161skirtiniu kietumu ir atsparumu chemin\u0117ms med\u017eiagoms, nusileid\u017eiantis tik deimantui. Be to, grynos formos silicio karbidas yra atsparus oksidacijai auk\u0161tesn\u0117je temperat\u016broje, tod\u0117l patikimiau u\u017etikrina elektros laidum\u0105 ir laidum\u0105.<\/p>\n
Elektrin\u0117je krosnyje kaitinkite kvarcin\u012f sm\u0117l\u012f su anglimi, kad gautum\u0117te SiC. Gaut\u0105 \u017eali\u0105 arba melsvai juod\u0105 kristalin\u0119 med\u017eiag\u0105 galima suskirstyti \u012f skirtingas fizikines savybes turin\u010dias r\u016b\u0161is: pavyzd\u017eiui, A metalurgin\u0117s r\u016b\u0161ies med\u017eiaga turi stambius sluoksnius, o b r\u016b\u0161ies kristalai sudaro lygesnes strukt\u016bras.<\/p>\n
\u0160i\u0173 daugiasluoksni\u0173 strukt\u016br\u0173 tipai pasi\u017eymi savitomis elektrin\u0117mis, optin\u0117mis ir \u0161ilumin\u0117mis savyb\u0117mis. J\u0173 atomines jungtis sudaro keturi silicio atomai, sujungti su keturiais anglies atomais netaisyklingo kvadrato forma, sudaran\u010dia keturis \u0161e\u0161iakampius kristalus; tai u\u017etikrina pla\u010dios juostos sand\u016bros puslaidininki\u0173 savybes. Ekstruzijos b\u016bdu arba \u0161altuoju izostatiniu presavimu \u0161ios med\u017eiagos gali b\u016bti formuojamos \u012f strypus ar vamzdelius, skirtus naudoti kaip strypai ir vamzdeliai.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas (SiC), da\u017eniau vadinamas karborundu, yra kietas cheminis silicio ir anglies junginys, pasi\u017eymintis pla\u010dios draustin\u0117s juostos puslaidininkio savyb\u0117mis. Ugniai atsparus SiC taip pat pasi\u017eymi dideliu \u0161ilumos laidumu ir ma\u017eo \u0161iluminio pl\u0117timosi savyb\u0117mis, d\u0117l kuri\u0173 yra labai atsparus \u0161iluminiams sm\u016bgiams.<\/p>\n
Kristalinis SiC kristalizuojasi glaud\u017eiai suri\u0161ta strukt\u016bra, kurioje keturi silicio ir keturi anglies atomai yra susieti tetraedrin\u0117je koordinacijoje, ir turi daugiau kaip 70 politip\u0173; alfa SiC da\u017eniausiai aptinkamas auk\u0161tesn\u0117je kaip 2000 laipsni\u0173 temperat\u016broje, o jo kristalin\u0117 strukt\u016bra yra \u0161e\u0161iakamp\u0117, pana\u0161i \u012f vurcito. Tuo tarpu beta modifikacija su cinkblende kristaline strukt\u016bra, pana\u0161ia \u012f deimanto ir sfalerito susidarym\u0105, pasitaiko \u017eemesn\u0117se temperat\u016brose.<\/p>\n
Karborundas yra itin reta med\u017eiaga gamtoje, ta\u010diau pagrindinis elementas daug anglies turin\u010diuose kosminiuose meteorituose. Pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 \u0161i\u0105 med\u017eiag\u0105 1891 m. dirbtinai susintetino Edwardas Achesonas, gamindamas dirbtinius deimantus. 1893 m. \u0161i med\u017eiaga buvo nat\u016braliai aptikta Arizonos Kanjono Diablo meteorite ir Nobelio premijos laureato Henri Moissano garbei pavadinta moisanitu.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbido pavir\u0161ius yra labai kietas - pagal Moso skal\u0119 jis \u012fvertintas 9 balais, tod\u0117l yra kie\u010diausia nonooksidin\u0117 keramika ir viena i\u0161 kie\u010diausi\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 apskritai. Tai puiki med\u017eiaga, kuri\u0105 galima naudoti mechaninio dilimo srityse, pavyzd\u017eiui, abrazyvams ir ugniai atsparioms med\u017eiagoms, ir kuri pasi\u017eymi geromis \u0161ilumin\u0117mis savyb\u0117mis, atspariomis auk\u0161toms temperat\u016broms ir \u0161iluminiam sm\u016bgiui.<\/p>\n
Pus\u0119 anglies atom\u0173 pakei\u010dia silicis, tod\u0117l d\u0117l pana\u0161aus silicio ir anglies atom\u0173 spindulio pager\u0117ja \u0161ilumos laidumo savyb\u0117s, o tai padeda suma\u017einti fonon\u0173 sklaid\u0105.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas atrodo kaip geltoni, \u017eali arba melsvai juodi vaivoryk\u0161tiniai kristalai, kurie skylant 2700 laipsni\u0173 temperat\u016broje sublimuojasi. Nors SiC netirpsta vandenyje, jis tirpsta i\u0161lydytuose \u0161armuose, pavyzd\u017eiui, NaOH ir KOH, taip pat i\u0161lydytoje gele\u017eyje, o jo Youngo modulis ir kietumas priklauso nuo tekst\u016bros, susikaupimo yd\u0173, gr\u016bdeli\u0173 dyd\u017eio ir j\u0173 rib\u0173 pob\u016bd\u017eio.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbido plati energin\u0117 juosta leid\u017eia jam atlaikyti auk\u0161tesnes temperat\u016bras ir \u012ftampas nei siliciui, tod\u0117l jis tinkamas naudoti programose, kuriose reikia greit\u0173, bet patikim\u0173 elektronini\u0173 prietais\u0173. Be to, jo geb\u0117jimas atlaikyti toki\u0105 \u012ftamp\u0105 yra ne\u012fkainojamas elektromobili\u0173 akumuliatori\u0173 sistemose, kuriose ma\u017einamas dydis ir svoris visi\u0161kai atsisakant inverteri\u0173.<\/p>\n
SiC yra populiari med\u017eiaga d\u0117l keramikos ir puslaidininki\u0173 savybi\u0173 derinio, kuris prisideda prie elektronini\u0173 technologij\u0173 pa\u017eangos. Be to, jos kietumas, stiprumas, ma\u017eas \u0161iluminis pl\u0117timasis ir atsparumas chemin\u0117ms reakcijoms prisid\u0117jo prie jos populiarumo did\u0117jimo.<\/p>\n
Silicio karbidas gaminamas kaitinant gryn\u0105 kvarcin\u012f sm\u0117l\u012f su anglimi elektrin\u0117je krosnyje, taip gaunant metalurgini\u0173 ir abrazyvini\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 luitus, vadinamus a-SiC ir b-SiC pagal kokyb\u0119 ir paskirt\u012f. Suformavus luitus, jie supjaustomi \u012f skirtingo dyd\u017eio ir formos luitus, atsi\u017evelgiant \u012f norim\u0105 naudoti paskirt\u012f, ir tik tada mai\u0161omi su papildomais elementais, tokiais kaip aliuminis ar azotas, kad b\u016bt\u0173 pasiektos reikiamos savyb\u0117s.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon Carbide (SiC) is an extremely hard synthetic compound of silicon and carbon that occurs naturally as the gem moissanite […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sic-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62\/revisions\/63"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}