Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je pokro\u010dil\u00fd materi\u00e1l vyvinut\u00fd pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed s vysok\u00fdmi teplotami. Mohl by sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost na aktivn\u00edch chladic\u00edch syst\u00e9mech, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed hmotnost a n\u00e1klady elektromobil\u016f (EV).<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku se vyzna\u010duje vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost\u00ed proti nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je desetkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho k\u0159em\u00edku, a v tomto ohledu dokonce p\u0159ed\u010d\u00ed i nitrid galia.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (SiC) je pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd materi\u00e1l s \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem vyu\u017eit\u00ed. D\u00edky sv\u00fdm vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm tribologick\u00fdm vlastnostem se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v tryskac\u00edch trysk\u00e1ch, t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00edch, mechanick\u00fdch lo\u017eisc\u00edch a mechanick\u00fdch t\u011bsnic\u00edch syst\u00e9mech. SiC se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech a keramice, kde zvy\u0161uje jejich tvrdost.<\/p>\n
Voda, alkohol i kysel\u00e9 roztoky jej zcela rozpou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed; v\u016f\u010di v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b organick\u00fdch rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel je rovn\u011b\u017e odoln\u00fd. D\u00edky sv\u00fdm polovodi\u010dov\u00fdm vlastnostem vykazuje zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti \u2013 odpor se m\u016f\u017ee v z\u00e1vislosti na slo\u017een\u00ed li\u0161it a\u017e o sedm \u0159\u00e1d\u016f!<\/p>\n
Edward Acheson poprv\u00e9 vyrobil syntetick\u00fd SiC v roce 1891, zat\u00edmco Henri Moissan poprv\u00e9 identifikoval jeho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed formu v roce 1905 p\u0159i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed meteoritu Canyon Diablo v Arizon\u011b. Dnes je ve\u0161ker\u00fd SiC ur\u010den\u00fd k prodeji syntetick\u00fd, s v\u00fdjimkou \u0161perk\u016f s moissanitem, kter\u00fd se m\u016f\u017ee vyskytovat v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku, neboli SiC, je v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 keramika, kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje \u0159adou v\u00fdhodn\u00fdch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed vysok\u00e1 pevnost, n\u00edzk\u00e1 tepeln\u00e1 rozta\u017enost a odolnost v\u016f\u010di korozi a chemick\u00fdm reakc\u00edm \u2013 vlastnosti, d\u00edky nim\u017e je vhodn\u00fd pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jako brusivo a \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fd materi\u00e1l, a tak\u00e9 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed elektrick\u00e1 vodivost.<\/p>\n
D\u00edky kryogenn\u00ed tvrdosti 9 na Mohsov\u011b stupnici je \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fd porcel\u00e1n vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pro brusn\u00e9 kotou\u010de a dal\u0161\u00ed brusn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky a nach\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, jako jsou trysky ho\u0159\u00e1k\u016f a plamenov\u00e9 trubice.<\/p>\n
Kryogenn\u00ed grafit se vyskytuje v n\u011bkolika variant\u00e1ch, zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako polytypy, a vyzna\u010duje se prim\u00e1rn\u00edm tetraedrick\u00fdm koordina\u010dn\u00edm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm, v n\u011bm\u017e jsou \u010dty\u0159i atomy uhl\u00edku a \u010dty\u0159i atomy k\u0159em\u00edku spojeny vazbami mezi p\u0159\u00edmo navz\u00e1jem propojen\u00fdmi tetraedrick\u00fdmi jednotkami. Tyto jednotky se pak mohou navz\u00e1jem propojovat nebo skl\u00e1dat do vrstev, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 struktury.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je odoln\u00fd, av\u0161ak k\u0159ehk\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed vysok\u00e9 teploty a vyzna\u010duje se \u0161irokou energetickou mezerou, co\u017e jej p\u0159edur\u010duje pro pou\u017eit\u00ed ve vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch.<\/p>\n
V pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku se k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek vyr\u00e1b\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v keramice, \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech a polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 elektronice. A\u010dkoli se p\u0159irozen\u011b vyskytuje v miner\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fatvarech moissanitu, dnes se v\u011bt\u0161ina vyr\u00e1b\u00ed synteticky.<\/p>\n
\u017d\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly z karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku v\u00e1zan\u00e9ho j\u00edlem vykazuj\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost proti korozi, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e jsou vhodn\u00e9 jako pecn\u00ed cihly pro taven\u00ed ne\u017eelezn\u00fdch kov\u016f. Krom\u011b toho se skv\u011ble hod\u00ed jako materi\u00e1ly pro nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vyh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, nap\u0159\u00edklad jako vyzd\u00edvkov\u00e9 cihly pro elektrol\u00fdzn\u00ed vany na hlin\u00edk, jako vyzd\u00edvky z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f v rektifika\u010dn\u00edch pec\u00edch p\u0159i taven\u00ed m\u011bdi nebo jako obloukov\u00e9 desky v pec\u00edch na zinkov\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b tvrd\u00fd neoxidov\u00fd keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd se d\u00edky sv\u00e9 pevnosti b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v brusivech, \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech, sou\u010d\u00e1stech odoln\u00fdch proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed a sou\u010d\u00e1stech s vysokou odolnost\u00ed proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed. Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku nav\u00edc slou\u017e\u00ed jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed materi\u00e1l v elektronick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed p\u0159i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch nebo nap\u011bt\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Moissanit, kter\u00fd se v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b vyskytuje jen z\u0159\u00eddka a vyr\u00e1b\u00ed se v\u00fdhradn\u011b um\u011ble syntetick\u00fdmi metodami, byl poprv\u00e9 objeven v roce 1893 v arizonsk\u00e9m Diablo Canyon, kde jej pozd\u011bji pojmenoval Edward Acheson podle sv\u00e9ho patentu z roku 1891 na v\u00fdrobu mal\u00fdch \u010dern\u00fdch krystal\u016f SiC um\u011bl\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n
Keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l t\u00e9to t\u0159\u00eddy nab\u00edz\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed vlastnosti. M\u00e1 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rozsah provozn\u00edch teplot ne\u017e k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00e9 polovodi\u010de a zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k jeho p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed nebo po\u0161kozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e1 keramika, kter\u00e1 nach\u00e1z\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b oblast\u00ed. Jako jeden z nejtvrd\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f na Mohsov\u011b stupnici tvrdosti zauj\u00edm\u00e1 karbid k\u0159em\u00edku 9. m\u00edsto. Nav\u00edc se vyzna\u010duje vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost\u00ed proti od\u011bru i korozi a tak\u00e9 proti tepeln\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e odol\u00e1v\u00e1 vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m a nap\u011bt\u00edm, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k jeho po\u0161kozen\u00ed \u010di selh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Stejn\u011b jako u v\u011bt\u0161iny krystalick\u00fdch struktur se i jeho krystalov\u00e1 struktura vyskytuje v r\u016fzn\u00fdch form\u00e1ch \u2013 neboli polytypech \u2013, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed sekvenci vrstven\u00ed. Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed koordina\u010dn\u00ed tetraedry se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed ze \u010dty\u0159 atom\u016f uhl\u00edku a \u010dty\u0159 atom\u016f k\u0159em\u00edku, kter\u00e9 jsou ve sv\u00fdch vrcholech spojeny do pol\u00e1rn\u00edch struktur.<\/p>\n
D\u00edky sv\u00fdm v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm tribologick\u00fdm vlastnostem je plast vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pro v\u00fdrobu \u010derpadel, mechanick\u00fdch ucp\u00e1vek a lo\u017eisek, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro chemick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl a tak\u00e9 jako brusivo.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u0161estrann\u011bj\u0161\u00edm materi\u00e1l\u016fm na sv\u011bt\u011b. Hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli ve vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch elektromobilech (EV) a syst\u00e9mech \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bateri\u00ed, kde d\u00edky sv\u00e9 odolnosti v\u016f\u010di vysok\u00e9mu nap\u011bt\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje obej\u00edt se bez aktivn\u00edch chladic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed n\u00e1klady, hmotnost a slo\u017eitost elektromobil\u016f.<\/p>\n
Karborund, tvrd\u00fd keramick\u00fd a polovodi\u010dov\u00fd materi\u00e1l, b\u011b\u017en\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako karborund, se p\u0159irozen\u011b vyskytuje v miner\u00e1lech moissanitu a lze jej tak\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bt synteticky. Na rozd\u00edl od tradi\u010dn\u00edch polovodi\u010d\u016f, jako je k\u0159em\u00edk, m\u00e1 karborund \u0161irokou energetickou mezeru, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159enos elekt\u0159iny ne\u017e kdykoli p\u0159edt\u00edm. Krom\u011b toho lze jeho vodivost upravovat p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm ne\u010distot do jeho krystalov\u00e9 struktury.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (SiC) je energeticky \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro p\u0159em\u011bnu elektrick\u00e9 energie na st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e je vhodn\u00fd pro p\u0159em\u011bnu elektrick\u00e9 energie z rozvodn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. Doping SiC dus\u00edkem nebo fosforem vede ke vzniku polovodi\u010de typu n, zat\u00edmco doping hlin\u00edkem, borem nebo galiem vede ke vzniku polovodi\u010de typu p.<\/p>\n
Hlin\u00edk se vyzna\u010duje vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed tepelnou vodivost\u00ed, pevnost\u00ed p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, n\u00edzkou tepelnou rozta\u017enost\u00ed a odolnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di chemick\u00fdm reakc\u00edm \u2013 d\u00edky t\u011bmto vlastnostem je ide\u00e1ln\u00edm \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem. Nav\u00edc je d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu tvrd\u00e9mu a odoln\u00e9mu povrchu vhodn\u00fd pro \u0159adu pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed a p\u0159edstavuje vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed volbu mezi \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed SiC se vyskytuje jako vz\u00e1cn\u00fd miner\u00e1l moissanit; synteticky se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed ve form\u011b drobn\u00fdch zrn spojen\u00fdch do keramick\u00fdch nebo \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f pro keramick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b se v mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed vyskytuje v uhl\u00edkat\u00fdch chondritov\u00fdch meteoritech a kimberlitech.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide is an advanced material developed for use in high temperature environments. It could reduce reliance on active cooling […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sic-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60\/revisions\/61"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}