![\"Vlastnosti](\"http:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Silicon-Carbide-Properties.jpg\")
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (SiC) je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b odoln\u00fd materi\u00e1l s extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysokou tvrdost\u00ed 9 podle Mohsovy stupnice, jeho\u017e estetick\u00fd vzhled se vyrovn\u00e1 diamantu.<\/p>\n
Spole\u010dnost EAG Laboratories m\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s anal\u00fdzou t\u011bchto vlastnost\u00ed SiC pomoc\u00ed metod anal\u00fdzy objemov\u00fdch vzork\u016f i prostorov\u011b rozli\u0161en\u00fdch analytick\u00fdch technik. Tento materi\u00e1l m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit jak jako elektrick\u00fd izol\u00e1tor, tak jako polovodi\u010d.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejtvrd\u0161\u00ed l\u00e1tky na sv\u011bt\u011b; na Mohsov\u011b stupnici zauj\u00edm\u00e1 dev\u00e1t\u00e9 m\u00edsto a co se t\u00fd\u010de tvrdosti, je na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b hned za diamantem. Karbid boru a diamant jsou je\u0161t\u011b tvrd\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e karbid k\u0159em\u00edku \u2013 mezi dal\u0161\u00ed oblasti jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed \u0159ezn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9 vesty, automobilov\u00e9 d\u00edly a zrcadla pro astronomick\u00e9 dalekohledy. Tvrd\u00fd a pevn\u00fd povrch karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jako brusiva a \u0159ezn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, konstruk\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly (nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9 vesty), automobilov\u00e9 d\u00edly a zrcadla pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v dalekohledech!<\/p>\n
Keramika odoln\u00e1 proti tepeln\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b tvrd\u00e1 neoxidov\u00e1 keramika. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 pevnosti, vysok\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 vodivosti, n\u00edzk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti a vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnosti proti oxidaci je tento materi\u00e1l nepostradateln\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (atomov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo 14) a uhl\u00edk (atomov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo 6) tvo\u0159\u00ed anorganickou slou\u010deninu zn\u00e1mou jako karbid k\u0159em\u00edku, s dv\u011bma prim\u00e1rn\u00edmi koordina\u010dn\u00edmi tetraedry tvo\u0159en\u00fdmi \u010dty\u0159mi atomy uhl\u00edku a \u010dty\u0159mi atomy k\u0159em\u00edku, kter\u00e9 jsou k sob\u011b kovalentn\u011b v\u00e1z\u00e1ny, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznik\u00e1 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b pevn\u00e1 a tuh\u00e1 hust\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e1 struktura s vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed pevnost\u00ed a tuhost\u00ed; jej\u00ed polytipy se mohou dokonce vrstvit a tvo\u0159it polytipy. Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku vykazuje vlastnosti polovodi\u010de s \u0161irokou zak\u00e1zanou mezerou, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee k uvoln\u011bn\u00ed elektron\u016f z orbit\u00e1ln\u00edch stav\u016f je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed t\u0159ikr\u00e1t m\u00e9n\u011b energie ne\u017e u k\u0159em\u00edku.<\/p>\n
Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku je jeho odolnost proti korozi. Je odoln\u00fd nejen v\u016f\u010di nejagresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm kyselin\u00e1m (kyselina chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e1, s\u00edrov\u00e1 a fluorovod\u00edkov\u00e1), z\u00e1sad\u00e1m a rozpou\u0161t\u011bdl\u016fm, jak\u00e9 si lze p\u0159edstavit \u2013 stejn\u011b jako v\u016f\u010di oxida\u010dn\u00edm \u010dinidl\u016fm, jako je kyselina dusi\u010dn\u00e1 nebo p\u00e1ra \u2013, ale vyzna\u010duje se dokonce i vynikaj\u00edc\u00edmi izola\u010dn\u00edmi vlastnostmi, kter\u00e9 ho chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm extr\u00e9mn\u00edmi teplotami nebo elektrick\u00fdmi poli.<\/p>\n
Sintrovan\u00fd karbid k\u0159em\u00edku vykazuje vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed tepelnou odolnost d\u00edky sv\u00e9 hustot\u011b, tvrdosti, vlastnostem polovodi\u010de s \u0161irokou energetickou mezerou, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebu energie elektron\u016f p\u0159i posunu vodiv\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma, a tak\u00e9 d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu n\u00edzk\u00e9mu koeficientu tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti.<\/p>\n
Odolnost proti korozi lze rovn\u011b\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161it p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm slinovac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsad, f\u00e1z\u00ed na hranic\u00edch zrn a p\u00f3rovitosti; jejich druh a mno\u017estv\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jak rychle doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke korozn\u00edm reakc\u00edm v r\u016fzn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Oxida\u010dn\u00ed stavy karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku lze regulovat d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee uhl\u00edk p\u016fsob\u00ed jako pasiva\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinidlo, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rychlosti koroze a prodlou\u017een\u00ed \u017eivotnosti v\u00fdrobku p\u0159i vystaven\u00ed oxida\u010dn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m b\u011bhem provozu.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b tvrd\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd se svou tvrdost\u00ed \u0159ad\u00ed n\u011bkde mezi oxid hlinit\u00fd (9 na Mohsov\u011b stupnici) a diamant (10). D\u00edky kombinaci tvrdosti a tepeln\u00e9 stability je karbid k\u0159em\u00edku vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed volbou pro n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 aplikace v sou\u010d\u00e1stech, kter\u00e9 jsou navr\u017eeny tak, aby odol\u00e1valy jak ot\u011bruvzdorn\u00fdm materi\u00e1l\u016fm, tak \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdm materi\u00e1l\u016fm.<\/p>\n
Krom\u011b toho je silikonov\u00e1 guma d\u00edky sv\u00e9 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnosti proti tepeln\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm a n\u00edzk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti velmi vhodn\u00e1 pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed s vysok\u00fdmi teplotami a pro sou\u010d\u00e1sti pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v potrubn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku lze dopovat r\u016fzn\u00fdmi prvky, aby se zm\u011bnily jeho elektronick\u00e9 vlastnosti. Dopov\u00e1n\u00edm dus\u00edkem nebo fosforem se z n\u011bj stane polovodi\u010d typu n, zat\u00edmco dopov\u00e1n\u00edm beryllem, borem nebo hlin\u00edkem se z n\u011bj stane polovodi\u010d typu p.<\/p>\n
D\u00edky rozd\u00edlu v \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce zak\u00e1zan\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma mezi valen\u010dn\u00edm a vodiv\u00fdm p\u00e1smem u karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku je pro elektrony obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ech\u00e1zet mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma p\u00e1smy, co\u017e mu umo\u017e\u0148uje vydr\u017eet a\u017e desetkr\u00e1t siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed elektrick\u00e1 pole, ne\u017e je tomu u k\u0159em\u00edku, ne\u017e dojde k jeho k\u0159ehkosti a poru\u0161e.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku vykazuje \u0159adu elektrick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze p\u0159izp\u016fsobit pomoc\u00ed dopov\u00e1n\u00ed. Dopov\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u010distot do jeho krystalov\u00e9 struktury za \u00fa\u010delem vytvo\u0159en\u00ed voln\u00fdch elektron\u016f a d\u011br, kter\u00e9 vedou elekt\u0159inu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se dosahuje hodnot vodivosti SiC desetkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e u k\u0159em\u00edku.<\/p>\n
Elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku jsou do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry ur\u010dov\u00e1ny jeho energetickou mezerou. Tento rozd\u00edl mezi energetick\u00fdmi hladinami valen\u010dn\u00edho a vodiv\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma atomu ur\u010duje, jak siln\u00e9mu elektrick\u00e9mu poli m\u016f\u017ee materi\u00e1l odolat; karbid k\u0159em\u00edku se vyzna\u010duje \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed energetickou mezerou ne\u017e k\u0159em\u00edk, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n
D\u00edky sv\u00e9 odolnosti v\u016f\u010di vysok\u00e9mu nap\u011bt\u00ed je neodym ide\u00e1ln\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v v\u00fdkonov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stech elektromobil\u016f, kde zaji\u0161\u0165uje del\u0161\u00ed dojezd a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bateri\u00ed. Nav\u00edc jeho ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hmotnost ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s alternativn\u00edmi materi\u00e1ly, jako je nitrid galia, umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdrobc\u016fm v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 elektroniky v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit rozm\u011bry a hmotnost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e d\u00edky minim\u00e1ln\u00edmu koeficientu tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti odol\u00e1v\u00e1 vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m.<\/p>\n
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon Carbide (SiC) is an extremely durable material with an extremely hard Mohs scale hardness rating of 9 and an […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sic-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":188,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50\/revisions\/188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}