Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku m\u00e1 mnohostrann\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed a vyr\u00e1b\u00ed se ve form\u011b brusiva, keramick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku a nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9ho panc\u00ed\u0159e.<\/p>\n
Karborund (SiC), krystalick\u00e1 slou\u010denina k\u0159em\u00edku a uhl\u00edku, je jednou z nejtvrd\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch l\u00e1tek s jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, d\u00edky nim\u017e je v\u00fdhodn\u00fd v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je tvrd\u00fd a k\u0159ehk\u00fd, tak\u017ee je \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm brusn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem. V\u00fdrobci jej pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b produkt\u016f, jako je brusn\u00fd pap\u00edr; tento materi\u00e1l se dod\u00e1v\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zrnitostech od hrub\u00fdch a\u017e po velmi jemn\u00e9 zrnitosti pro brou\u0161en\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hrub\u0161\u00ed zrnitosti se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed materi\u00e1lu p\u0159i po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm brou\u0161en\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zrnitosti le\u0161t\u00ed povrch obrobku a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed hladk\u00e9 povrchy.<\/p>\n
Abrazivn\u00ed karbid k\u0159em\u00edku se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve v\u00fdrobc\u00edch vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch vysokou odolnost, jako jsou automobilov\u00e9 brzdy a keramick\u00e9 desti\u010dky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00fdch vest\u00e1ch. Krom\u011b toho se tento materi\u00e1l vyskytuje tak\u00e9 v kompozitn\u00edch materi\u00e1lech, jako je karbid k\u0159em\u00edku vyztu\u017een\u00fd uhl\u00edkov\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny (CFRC).<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je nepostradatelnou surovinou p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. D\u00edky stabiln\u00edm chemick\u00fdm vlastnostem, vysok\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 vodivosti, mal\u00e9mu koeficientu tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti a vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnosti proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed je ide\u00e1ln\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pro v\u00fdrobu brusn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f odoln\u00fdch v\u016f\u010di vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m, jako jsou brusn\u00e9 p\u00e1sy, brusn\u00e9 pap\u00edry, brusn\u00e9 kotou\u010de a n\u00e1stroje na olejov\u00e9 kameny, jako\u017e i obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00ed stroje z monokrystalick\u00e9ho k\u0159em\u00edku\/polykrystalick\u00e9ho k\u0159em\u00edku.<\/p>\n
Kov je velmi tvrd\u00fd a k\u0159ehk\u00fd, ale m\u00e1 vysokou tepelnou a mechanickou stabilitu. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z atom\u016f k\u0159em\u00edku obklopen\u00fdch atomy uhl\u00edku a kysl\u00edku a d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu slo\u017een\u00ed je odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di teplu a mechanick\u00e9mu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 p\u016fsobiv\u00fd bod t\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
\u010cist\u00fd karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je bezbarv\u00fd; pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 druhy mohou m\u00edt barvu od hn\u011bd\u00e9 a\u017e po \u010dernou kv\u016fli p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00edm \u017eeleza, hlin\u00edku, dus\u00edku nebo voln\u00e9ho uhl\u00edku. Existuj\u00ed metody dopov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 polovodi\u010de: nap\u0159\u00edklad karbid k\u0159em\u00edku typu n m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dopov\u00e1n dus\u00edkem nebo fosforem, zat\u00edmco verze typu p mohou b\u00fdt dopov\u00e1ny hlin\u00edkem, borem nebo galiem.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je jedn\u00edm z nejtvrd\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f na Zemi. Proto je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00e9 vesty, kter\u00e9 nos\u00ed policist\u00e9 a voj\u00e1ci, a d\u00edky sv\u00fdm tepeln\u00fdm vlastnostem je odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di teplu.<\/p>\n
Keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, jako je tento, jsou dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 svou pevnost\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho je keramika vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm vodi\u010dem tepla a elekt\u0159iny, co\u017e ji p\u0159edur\u010duje pro elektronick\u00e9 aplikace, jako jsou v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 tranzistory. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodou je odolnost proti korozi.<\/p>\n
\u010cist\u00fd karbid k\u0159em\u00edku m\u00e1 v\u00edcevrstvou strukturu a existuje v r\u016fzn\u00fdch polytypech nebo odr\u016fd\u00e1ch, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje po\u0159ad\u00edm skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu typu jedine\u010dnou fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed charakteristiku - nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkter\u00e9 formy obsahuj\u00ed kovalentn\u00ed vazby mezi \u010dty\u0159mi atomy uhl\u00edku kovalentn\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00fdmi na jeden atom k\u0159em\u00edku, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed slo\u017eitou s\u00ed\u0165ovou strukturu.<\/p>\n
Moissanit se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed synteticky a v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b se vyskytuje jen z\u0159\u00eddka, i kdy\u017e v mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee existovat jako moissanitov\u00e9 \u0161perky. Moissanit hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v elektromobilech, proto\u017ee jeho schopnost odol\u00e1vat vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161it energetickou \u00fa\u010dinnost vozidel a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det aktivn\u00edch chladic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed hmotnost, n\u00e1klady a slo\u017eitost.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed neoxidov\u00e1 keramika, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v aplikac\u00edch vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch mechanickou i tepelnou pevnost, jako jsou sou\u010d\u00e1sti odoln\u00e9 proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pro tepelnou odolnost, \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pro regulaci tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti a polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky pracuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch nebo nap\u011bt\u00edch. Tvrdost karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku jej \u010din\u00ed vhodn\u00fdm pro tato pou\u017eit\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jeho tepeln\u00e1 vodivost z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd tepeln\u011b odoln\u00fd materi\u00e1l. \u0160irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159esahuje pouze mechanick\u00e9 aplikace; n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady jsou: brusiva; sou\u010d\u00e1sti odoln\u00e9 proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed; \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pro tepelnou odolnost; a polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje pracuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, resp. nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Krystalick\u00fd karbid k\u0159em\u00edku tvo\u0159\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1danou strukturu slo\u017eenou z kovalentn\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00fdch atom\u016f, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed dva prim\u00e1rn\u00ed koordina\u010dn\u00ed tetraedry slo\u017een\u00e9 ze \u010dty\u0159 atom\u016f k\u0159em\u00edku a \u010dty\u0159 atom\u016f uhl\u00edku, co\u017e mu dod\u00e1v\u00e1 neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou tvrdost a pevnost. Bohu\u017eel je nerozpustn\u00fd ve vod\u011b nebo alkoholu, ale odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b organick\u00fdch a anorganick\u00fdch kyselin\/sol\u00ed (v\u00fdjimku tvo\u0159\u00ed kyselina fluorovod\u00edkov\u00e1 a fluoridy kyseliny).<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku se vyzna\u010duje \u0161irokou p\u00e1smovou mezerou, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vyr\u00e1b\u011bt mnohem men\u0161\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ne\u017e ekvivalentn\u00ed k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00e1 (Si), co\u017e otev\u00edr\u00e1 mo\u017enost jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed pro v\u00fdkonovou elektroniku v elektrick\u00fdch vozidlech i pro podporu digitalizace v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide has many applications and comes in the form of abrasives, ceramic powder and bulletproof armor. Carborundum (SiC), a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sic-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38\/revisions\/39"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}