![\"Definice](\"http:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Silicon-Carbide-Definition.jpg\")
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku (SiC) je nerozpustn\u00e1 krystalick\u00e1 slou\u010denina slo\u017een\u00e1 z k\u0159em\u00edku a uhl\u00edku. SiC, kter\u00fd se b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010duje obchodn\u00edm n\u00e1zvem \"karborundum\", se v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b vyskytuje tak\u00e9 jako velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00fd miner\u00e1l moissanit.<\/p>\n
PEEK se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, kter\u00e1 pracuj\u00ed p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch a nap\u011bt\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v nap\u00e1jec\u00edch zdroj\u00edch. Krom\u011b toho je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem v elektrick\u00fdch vozidlech; slibuje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed dojezdu a zlep\u0161en\u00ed energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti d\u00edky prodlou\u017een\u00ed \u017eivotnosti bateri\u00ed a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti nap\u00e1jen\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku, \u010dast\u011bji ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako SiC, je extr\u00e9mn\u011b abrazivn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd se b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyskytuje v meteoritech a vz\u00e1cn\u00e9m miner\u00e1lu moissanitu. SiC se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u00fdhradn\u011b z k\u0159em\u00edku a uhl\u00edku a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dopov\u00e1n dus\u00edkem nebo fosforem pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jako polovodi\u010d n-typu nebo hlin\u00edkem, b\u00f3rem nebo heliem pro polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 aplikace p-typu. Pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd brusn\u00fd pap\u00edr \u010dasto obsahuje SiC jako jednu ze sv\u00fdch slo\u017eek, zat\u00edmco jeho zrna ostr\u00e1 jako b\u0159itva mohou bez n\u00e1mahy brousit kov, sklo, mramor korkov\u00fd k\u00e1men st\u0159edn\u011b hust\u00e9 d\u0159evovl\u00e1knit\u00e9 desky st\u0159edn\u011b hust\u00e9 d\u0159evovl\u00e1knit\u00e9 desky pro rychl\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed - ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jako brusn\u00fd materi\u00e1l!<\/p>\n
Hlin\u00edk je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 aplikace, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed siln\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti, tepelnou vodivost, n\u00edzk\u00fd koeficient rozta\u017enosti a odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed. Tento v\u0161estrann\u00fd kov lze d\u00edky jeho tvrdosti naj\u00edt v aplikac\u00edch, jako jsou brusiva, ot\u011bruvzdorn\u00e9 d\u00edly a \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly; v elektronice d\u00edky jeho stabilit\u011b a spolehlivosti; a tak\u00e9 v metalurgick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch d\u00edky jeho tepeln\u00e9 odolnosti.<\/p>\n
Jedine\u010dn\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 a chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 stroj\u00edrensk\u00e9 aplikace, jako jsou lo\u017eiska \u010derpadel, ventily, p\u00edskovac\u00ed vst\u0159ikova\u010de, vytla\u010dovac\u00ed formy, odolnost proti korozi a vysok\u00fd bod t\u00e1n\u00ed z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch stroj\u00edrensk\u00fdch situac\u00edch. T\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 p\u016fda m\u016f\u017ee na sv\u00e9m povrchu vytv\u00e1\u0159et men\u0161\u00ed t\u0159en\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s lehk\u00fdmi p\u016fdn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami, zat\u00edmco prach karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku m\u016f\u017ee u lid\u00ed zp\u016fsobovat neprogresivn\u00ed plicn\u00ed fibr\u00f3zu.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku, \u010dast\u011bji ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako karborundum, je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b tvrd\u00e1 krystalick\u00e1 slou\u010denina k\u0159em\u00edku a uhl\u00edku, kter\u00e1 se ji\u017e dlouho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako brusn\u00fd materi\u00e1l od sv\u00e9ho zaveden\u00ed koncem 19. stolet\u00ed. Od t\u00e9 doby se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v brusn\u00fdch kotou\u010d\u00edch a \u0159ezn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch, jeho v\u0161estrann\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed sah\u00e1 od \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch vyzd\u00edvek pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pec\u00ed a d\u00edl\u016f odoln\u00fdch proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed v \u010derpadlech a raketov\u00fdch motorech a\u017e po keramiku a polovodi\u010de; d\u00edky sv\u00e9 odolnosti proti korozi a oxidaci a tak\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 teplotn\u00ed pevnosti p\u0159i minim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplotn\u00ed rozta\u017enosti je dnes jedn\u00edm z nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch keramick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f v\u016fbec.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku je neoxidov\u00e1 keramika s p\u00e1smovou mezerou t\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e standardn\u00ed k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00e9 polovodi\u010de, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee vydr\u017e\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. Nav\u00edc p\u0159i jeho slinov\u00e1n\u00ed vznikaj\u00ed velmi mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 s men\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed po\u0161kod\u00ed elektronick\u00e9 obvody. Po p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed dopant\u016f, jako je b\u00f3r a hlin\u00edk, se karbid k\u0159em\u00edku st\u00e1v\u00e1 polovodi\u010dem typu p; kdy\u017e se m\u00edsto toho p\u0159id\u00e1 dopov\u00e1n\u00ed fosforem a dus\u00edkem, zm\u011bn\u00ed se na polovodi\u010d typu n.<\/p>\n
Sp\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku je snadn\u00fd proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m vznikaj\u00ed hust\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky s vynikaj\u00edc\u00edmi mechanick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. Jeho tvrdost je rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pro mnoho abrazivn\u00edch obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00edch proces\u016f, jako je brou\u0161en\u00ed, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edm paprskem a p\u00edskov\u00e1n\u00ed; modern\u00ed lapid\u00e1\u0159i oce\u0148uj\u00ed tak\u00e9 odolnost karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku a jeho vysokou rozm\u011brovou stabilitu; lze jej dokonce pou\u017e\u00edt k v\u00fdrob\u011b vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch brzdov\u00fdch kotou\u010d\u016f pro sportovn\u00ed a jin\u00e1 v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 vozidla.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku neboli SiC je neoxidov\u00fd keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd nach\u00e1z\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v aplikac\u00edch od abraziv a d\u00edl\u016f odoln\u00fdch proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed pro svou tvrdost a\u017e po metalurgii a \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pro svou tepelnou odolnost a tepelnou rozta\u017enost a v aplikac\u00edch v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 elektroniky d\u00edky sv\u00fdm nap\u011b\u0165ov\u011b odoln\u00fdm vlastnostem; je dopov\u00e1n dus\u00edkem nebo fosforem za \u00fa\u010delem vytvo\u0159en\u00ed polovodi\u010d\u016f typu n nebo beryliem, b\u00f3rem a hlin\u00edkem za \u00fa\u010delem vytvo\u0159en\u00ed polovodi\u010d\u016f typu p; jeho t\u011bsn\u00e1 krystalov\u00e1 struktura vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed polytypy s r\u016fzn\u00fdm chemick\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm i elektrick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi; je sice nerozpustn\u00fd ve vod\u011b, ale rozpou\u0161t\u00ed se v alk\u00e1li\u00edch nebo v m\u00e9di\u00edch obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch \u017eelezo.<\/p>\n
SiC se od k\u0159em\u00edku li\u0161\u00ed mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm p\u00e1smem, kter\u00e9 mu umo\u017e\u0148uje vykazovat polovodivost. Proto je ide\u00e1ln\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pro vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 aplikace, kde odol\u00e1v\u00e1 desetkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00edm, ne\u017e snese k\u0159em\u00edk.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed tepelnou vodivost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mu umo\u017e\u0148uje odol\u00e1vat teplot\u00e1m a\u017e 1400 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia, co\u017e je v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 175 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia u standardn\u00edho k\u0159em\u00edku. Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku proto sni\u017euje pot\u0159ebu aktivn\u00edch chladic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 elektroniky, jako jsou DC-DC m\u011bni\u010de a palubn\u00ed nab\u00edje\u010dky.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku lze vyr\u00e1b\u011bt r\u016fzn\u00fdmi postupy, v\u010detn\u011b reak\u010dn\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00fdch a CVD metod. Reak\u010dn\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00e9 metody zahrnuj\u00ed sm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9ho SiC s uhl\u00edkov\u00fdm pr\u00e1\u0161kem a zm\u011bk\u010dovadlem p\u0159ed jeho tvarov\u00e1n\u00edm do po\u017eadovan\u00fdch tvar\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm sp\u00e1len\u00edm ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho zm\u011bk\u010dovadla p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho ve sm\u011bsi. CVD zahrnuje zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9ho k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho p\u00edsku sm\u00edchan\u00e9ho s koksem v cihlov\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 odporov\u00e9 peci p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu proudu jej\u00edm vodi\u010dem; pozd\u011bji je rozemlet na jemn\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jako brusivo.<\/p>\n
Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku neboli SiC je jednou z nejtvrd\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako automobilov\u00fd materi\u00e1l ve vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch brzdov\u00fdch kotou\u010d\u00edch pro sportovn\u00ed vozy a superauta; tento materi\u00e1l se v\u0161ak vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v polovodi\u010d\u00edch a sou\u010d\u00e1stk\u00e1ch v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 elektroniky d\u00edky sv\u00fdm vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm a elektrick\u00fdm vlastnostem, kter\u00e9 jej \u010din\u00ed vhodn\u00fdm pro vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 aplikace.<\/p>\n
Keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly s \u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmi neoxidov\u00fdmi keramick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi jsou vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed volbou pro mnoho pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, od senzor\u016f a polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u017e po nositeln\u00e9 technologie a l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty. Keramika dopovan\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm hlin\u00edku, boru nebo uhl\u00edku m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat specifick\u00fdch v\u00fdkonnostn\u00edch charakteristik pro r\u016fzn\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 pou\u017eit\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyr\u00e1b\u011bna do n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n
D\u00edky sv\u00e9 atom\u00e1rn\u00ed struktu\u0159e je SiC vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm vodi\u010dem, tak\u017ee je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jako tranzistor v elektrick\u00fdch vozidlech. Tyto \u010dipy sni\u017euj\u00ed teplo vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i provozu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zvy\u0161uj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost a prodlu\u017euj\u00ed \u017eivotnost bateri\u00ed a jsou schopny odol\u00e1vat vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm provozn\u00edm teplot\u00e1m, \u010d\u00edm\u017e eliminuj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed chladic\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed hmotnost a slo\u017eitost konstrukce elektromobilu.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdroba karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu m\u011bnila, ale jej\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed postup z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 podobn\u00fd tomu, kter\u00fd v roce 1891 zavedl Edward Acheson. Sm\u011bs \u010dist\u00e9ho k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho p\u00edsku a koksov\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed se zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 v elektrick\u00e9 peci, dokud se nezap\u00e1l\u00ed elektrickou jiskrou z uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho vodi\u010de, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se z\u00edskaj\u00ed jasn\u011b zelen\u00e9 krystaly se zna\u010dnou tvrdost\u00ed.<\/p>\n
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Silicon carbide (SiC) is an insoluble crystalline compound composed of silicon and carbon. Commonly referred to by its trade name […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sic-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=126"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":185,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126\/revisions\/185"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/siliconcarbideceramic.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}